Plumbers Guides & Resources

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Do Plumbers Install Bathtubs

A good plumber will also be able to install a new bathroom sink, shower heads, faucets, toilets and other water fixtures. Yes, plumbers are also in charge of installing and replacing bathtubs. They'll not only remove and install your new bathtub, but they'll also link the pipes to it. Tubs require heavy lifting and a lot of plumbing expertise. Bathtubs are not always installed by plumbers, but it's fairly common for them to handle bathtub installations. ## How does a plumber install a bathtub? A plumber will have to disconnect the existing tub and detach the existing plumbing. Once they've got everything in place, they'll reattach the new tub's plumbing by installing the necessary plumbing (including placing a new plumbing line if necessary) and taps. After all the pipes are installed, but before they've been covered up, they will test them for leaks to make sure there are no problems. They'll attach any fixtures or faucets needed and turn on the water supply to check that everything works as it should. This job may require more than one person because of how much heavy lifting goes into moving one bathtub, especially a cast iron tub. A bathtub is a complicated fixture that requires an understanding of plumbing, sometimes wiring and various installation methods - it's not just a matter of putting them into place and connecting the water supply [like a dishwasher](/guides/plumbers/do-you-need-a-plumber-to-install-a-dishwasher). If you don't feel comfortable installing tubs on your own (or want to quickly replace bathtubs you currently own), then hiring a contractor or other plumbing professional is your best bet for getting one installed quickly and easily. ## Can a handyman install a bathtub? Many homeowners don't feel they have the time, skills, or tools to install a new tub. For those people, hiring a handyman is a good way to get your plumbing done without having to do it yourself An experienced plumber will be able to install the tub, but keep in mind that there may be additional costs involved with this kind of installation because not all handymen are fully equipped for plumbing work. Ask about any extra fees before you hire them so you know exactly what you're paying for. ## Is it possible for just one person to install the bathtub? Bathtubs are heavy, big and complicated things. While one person could probably lift the tub up onto the base alone, tubs are pretty heavy. This isn't a one-person job because of how much physical effort and energy is involved with moving and installing such a large piece of equipment. A professional will work with you to make sure that your new tub is properly installed. ## Can a novice install their own bathtub? It's possible for you to install your own bathtub as a DIY project, but it's not easy and it can be time-consuming. There are so many parts to the bathtub installation process that it'd be nearly impossible to complete by yourself without plumbing experience. A plumber has the skills needed for this kind of job - even if they ask another plumber or two to drop in and help, this task just isn't easy enough to do solo. If there are problems along the way then you may need more than one person around to help fix them. Getting help from professionals also means that you'll have someone on hand to deal with any issues that may arise. They'll be able to address plumbing issues, ensure that there is no damage to other fixtures in your bathroom, and more. Additionally, they'll ensure that other parts of the bathroom, including the bathroom door, shower and showerheads, toilet, and walls aren't damaged during bathtub replacement and installation. If there is damage, they'll be able to provide a quick fix. For example, if your floor tiles come loose, they'll be able to relay them so that the tiles meet once again, and if your pipes start dripping water, they'll be able to treat them to prevent leaks in the future. They'll also be able to help with any other bathroom renovations you need completed. That said, if you have prior home improvement experience, installing your own tub should be possible. However, you'll need to have access to a few things necessary for installing the tub, including the right tools. If you don't have the tools, it's a better idea to turn the job over to some with professional experience - not only do they know what they're doing, they'll also be more affordable when you factor in the cost of buying new tools. ## How much does a plumber charge to install a bathtub? There are several factors you need to consider when considering the average cost data for the price to install a new bathtub. Plumbers charge by the hour and the cost of their labour varies depending on where you live. If you're having problems with your current setup, then expect to pay a bit more because it might take them longer to fix if they can't remove your old tub easily for whatever reason. The cost of labour will also depend on what kind of material or bathtub you end up picking out and whether or not they have to do any extra work such as patching your wall after the tub is installed. A plumber in Australia can cost you between $80 and $150 per hour. If they're working on more than one project at once then you may find that the cost of labour is lower because of the extent of their workload. Any extra expenses involved with installation will be discussed before they begin working on your new tub or whatever other [plumbing fix you need done](/guides/plumbers/do-you-need-a-plumber-to-change-taps). If the plumber has to buy materials that are needed for installation, such as tiles, pipes, or hoses, then the cost for these items will be added to your final bill. The total cost may also differ depending on which bathtub ranges you have chosen, what type of material you're working with, and whether you're planning a full bathroom renovation so that you can update the aesthetic to a more modern look along with updating the look of the tub. For example, the average cost of an attached cast iron tub installation may differ from the cost of bathtub installation if you have a freestanding tub. Furthermore, if you're looking for added features, such as installing a tub so that it can retain heat for as long as possible, you find that the cost is higher. If you're looking for an expert to help renovate the entire space, you will, of course, pay more. The cost can vary based on what kind of materials you decide to go with, so make sure to ask about the cost before they get started if it's important to you to stay within a certain budget. ## How long does it take to install a bathtub? The time it takes to install a bathtub varies depending on the kind of tub you have, how many people are working on the job, whether you need additional plumbing problems like drain issues dealt with, and any issues or problems that have to be dealt with. If you have an older model tub then there is more work needed because of different installation methods. If one plumber is working on your project then plan for at least 3 hours (though it can take longer) A licensed plumber should be able to finish this task in about 4 hours which includes setting up the plumbing, running the pipes, and installing tile around the new fixture. ## Will a plumber remove the old bathtub? Plumbers will remove the old bathtub but they may not dispose of it for you. If you don't want to pay extra for removal or if you need your tub replaced right away, then take care of this issue yourself Before calling a plumber to install your new tub make sure that there is enough space in your walls and bathroom floor for it to fit. Some people choose to replace the drain with every installation because [replacing the drain](/guides/abrasive-saws/how-to-fix-a-blocked-drain) can be much easier than trying to screw into existing pipes which weren't made to handle the weight of a bathtub. You should also check that all sewage and drain lines are working well before getting started on installing a bathtub - especially if you're planning on replacing an older model. Sometimes there are problems with angles or curves that need to be fixed before your new bathtub can be installed. You can do these things yourself if you're handy with tools and plumbing knowledge but it's better to ask a plumber to take care of them. For more information on the [plumbing code in Australia](https://ablis.business.gov.au/service/ag/the-plumbing-code-of-australia-pca-/31066), take a look at the Australian Government's certification procedures.

How Many Plumbers in Australia?

Plumbers install and repair water, drainage, waste-disposal and other systems using hand tools or power tools. There are approximately 90,000 plumbers in Australia in 2020, according to [Joboutlook.gov.au](https://joboutlook.gov.au/occupations/plumbers-general?occupationCode=334111). The majority of them working as tradespeople, employed by a company in the plumbing industry that specialises in plumbing services, or they work as independent contractors. We also have a number of people who work for building product suppliers and manufacturers. Some are self-employed. A small number of Australians are employed as plumbers in factories or retail outlets. There are also some school leavers who start out working as apprentices before getting their qualifications and becoming fully-fledged tradespeople. ## How many plumbers work full-time versus part-time? Most jobs in the plumbing industry are full-time with some requiring nights or weekend hours. These often include retail positions or factory work. For the most part though, people who work in the industry put in regular hours like any other job. ## What is a plumber's work environment like? A plumber works both inside and outside buildings and in tight spaces when repairing household plumbing. They work in a range of weather conditions and may have to spend significant time on ladders or rooftops. This is a physical job that can demand a lot from a plumber - it can be dirty, involving a lot of crawling around in confined spaces and working with heavy equipment, often while wearing safety gear. A plumber needs good coordination as well as strength and stamina. ## What does a plumber do? Plumbers install and repair water, drainage, waste disposal, and other systems using hand tools or power tools. Sometimes they tackle electrical wiring when it's involved with the system that needs repairing. Plumbers unblock drains and fix leaky taps. They'll also handle [installing hot water systems](/guides/plumbers/what-size-hot-water-tank-do-i-need) and cold water systems, working on sanitary fixtures in the bathroom, provide you with the best solution for handling drainage issues and so on. The work can demand a lot physically because they often have to crawl into confined spaces in old houses with low ceilings or climb into the roof. They may spend a lot of time working in dirty or wet conditions because they have to crawl around in dark space. ## What education, skills and training does a plumber need? To become a qualified plumber you'll need to complete an apprenticeship, which usually takes four years. The National Skills Commission and the government also requires you to be registered with your state's plumbing board so that you can legally call yourself a plumber and work in Australia. In some states, this means sitting a government exam while in others it means completing training courses. In all cases, you will need to meet certain eligibility requirements before you can start an apprenticeship or join the local plumbing association for your state. ## How to become a plumber? To join the industry as a plumber you must undertake formal training at TAFE or another recognised training provider which will give you the necessary skills to do the job. Once you have these skills, you can then seek employment with one of the many reputable plumbing companies in the plumbing industry in Australia. Of course, there is an alternative path which is apprenticing under someone who already has their plumbing license. Although this may take longer, it is well worth it as you will learn faster and gain experience at the same time. ## What other types of plumbers are there? According to Joboutlook.gov.au other common jobs include: - Drainers. - Home appliance repairers/installers. - Hot water system installers. - Solar hot water installers. - Solar panel installers. - Water treatment plant operators. - Pipe-layers. - Roof plumbers. ## What can I earn as a plumber? The higher you go up the ladder and the more responsibility you take on, the higher your salary will be. You could start out at $30 per hour or as low as $20 per hour depending on where in Australia you choose to work. In metropolitan areas like Sydney however, this rate is usually much higher, especially if you're working for one of Australia's larger plumbing suppliers. The average plumber's salary ranges from about $50,000 to over $80,000 a year. ## What jobs will a plumber not do? A plumber will not work on electrical systems. If a problem with your lights or appliances is causing a problem then you'll need to get an electrician instead of a plumber. Plumbers also [don't install dishwashers](/guides/plumbers/do-you-need-a-plumber-to-install-a-dishwasher), washing machines, dryers, ovens, toilets, or sinks. These are all tasks for another type of tradesperson known as a 'handyman'. Other services that most workers in the plumbing industry will not offer include: - Repair pipes that are not related to your water supply and plumbing systems. - Home-building construction projects. - General handyman tasks around plumbing works or pipes. ## What questions should I ask when hiring a plumber? It's important to find a plumber that has experience in the job you need doing. Ask them questions about what previous clients thought of their services, as well as how long they've been working as a tradesperson, where they've worked before, and what they specialise in. For example, if you're looking for someone who can assist you with residential plumbing issues, you should hire someone who has experience working in a residential property, rather than on construction projects or with commercial industries. If you're hiring someone for a bigger job such as unblocking the drainage or laying new pipework, check on their credentials first. ## How long do various plumbing jobs take? Generally speaking, larger jobs that require snaking or jetting the drainage can take anywhere from thirty minutes to two hours. A small job like [unblocking a sink or toilet](/guides/plumbers/how-do-plumbers-unclog-toilets) might only take about fifteen minutes. Installing new fittings for sinks and toilets is usually an entire day's work while installing new showerheads, taps or basins could take several days. Other projects include handling the repair of hot water systems, which is also a full day's work, and installing new pipes in an entire house could take several days depending on the size of the job. ## What can I expect to pay for common plumbing services? There are many factors that go into the pricing for plumbing services - everything from location to how much it will cost you to purchase materials or acquire permits from a licensing authority if necessary. You will usually be charged per hour or by the job. You should expect to pay about $50 per hour for smaller projects like unblocking drains and repairing sinks while toilets tend to run anywhere between $150-300. Installing new fittings costs about $20-$30 each completed, while larger projects like pipe laying will cost more depending on the complexity of the job. While customers may think that the price to be paid is high, the fact is, working in the trades is skilled work and requires a lot of experience. This is why many people see the trades (for example, working as a plumber, or in construction) as a great career and employment opportunity, especially young people who want to own their own business in the future and be able to work for themselves, rather than for other businesses. Working for a larger business in the industry may also afford plumbers the opportunity to lead project management teams, especially once they gain a good amount of experience and skills by working on their own. The biggest benefit for workers in this industry is that tradespeople are usually always in high demand.

Water pressure reducing valve cost

The most obvious benefit of having pressure-reducing valves installed is the protection it offers against high water pressure. The cost of water pressure reducing valves (also called water pressure regulators) depends on the type, size, and features of the unit you purchase. Depending on your needs, pressure reducing valves start at $50 to upwards of $200. If you are getting one with a back-flow preventer to ensure clean drinking water, it might cost more. Additionally, various installation charges should be taken into consideration when budgeting for home water pressure reducing valves. Installation costs vary but generally range between $150 and $300 depending on labour requirements. When shopping for home water pressure reducing valves, it's important to consider both the initial cost and installation fees before making a decision. ## What is a pressure reducing valve? A pressure-reducing valve is a device used to regulate the water pressure in your plumbing system. This allows you to safely reduce the amount of water pressure coming into your home, preventing damage caused by high pressure such as a burst pipe, water heater damage, extreme wear on fixtures and busted appliances. The control valves work by controlling [how the water flows](/guides/plumbers/how-water-flows-through-a-pipe) through an adjustable internal closing mechanism and diaphragm. When properly installed, a pressure-reducing valve will deliver consistent, regulated pressure to all outlets in your home. Proper sizing and precision settings are necessary for proper operation and flow of water, which is why professional installation is recommended. A correctly installed and properly functioning water pressure reducing valve can protect your home from potential damage and save you money on energy bills due to more efficient hot or cold water usage. ## What are the benefits of pressure reducing valves? The most obvious benefit of having pressure reducing valves installed is the protection it offers against high water pressure. If left unchecked, high pressure can damage your pipes, water heaters, and other appliances, leading to costly repairs or replacements. Additionally, higher pressure can cause increased water consumption, which can inevitably cost you higher utility bills. So, it is best to spend a few hundred dollars today rather than thousands in future. With a properly functioning valve, you will have peace of mind knowing that all outlets in your home are receiving adequate, but non-excessive pressure and the outlet pressure is right. Another benefit of having a new pressure reducing valve installed is improved overall plumbing performance. Lowering the system's operating pressure allows for more efficient operation, resulting in less wear and tear on systems components as well as fixtures and appliances. This means lower maintenance costs and longer lifespans for your plumbing system. Additionally, normal water pressure can reduce noise associated with high-pressure systems and help use less energy and save money by reducing water consumption. A good pressure reducing valve aids in water hammer protection under specific conditions. It also helps lower downstream pressure. Once the downstream pressure is set, the reduced pressure will be maintained unless there is another change in the system. ## Do I really need a pressure reducing valve? The short answer is yes. If your home has a water pressure that exceeds the manufacturer's recommendation, you should consider installing a water pressure reducing valve. High water pressure can lead to problems such as a burst pipe, water heaters damage, fixture and appliance damage, increased water consumption, higher utility bills, and even structural damage in some cases. Installing a working pressure reducing valve will ensure that all outlets in your home are receiving adequate but non-excessive amounts of incoming water pressure. Additionally, lower pressure can improve overall plumbing performance while reducing noise associated with high-pressure systems and helping conserve energy by reducing water consumption and steam pressure. ## How long do pressure reduction valves last? The life expectancy of a pressure reduction valve depends on several factors such as the quality of the material, the amount of wear and tear it receives, and how often it is maintained. Generally speaking, a good quality valve should last anywhere from 10 to 15 years with proper use and maintenance. However, if your water system has been neglected or exposed to harsh conditions, you should expect shorter lifespans. It is also important to remember that valves may need to be replaced occasionally due to normal wear and tear. But sometimes, a malfunctioning water pressure reducing valve might just need a repair or clean up with an inexpensive service kit. ## Where does a pressure reducing valve go? The location of the pressure reducing valves depends on several factors, including the type of plumbing system you have and the desired placement of any necessary bypass lines. Generally speaking, valves should be installed as close to the main water supply line as possible in order to efficiently control pressure throughout your home. Additionally, when installing a pressure reducing valve, it is important to ensure that there is no other valve pressure downstream from its position as this can cause problems with proper operation. If necessary, bypass lines may need to be added in order for the valve to function properly, you can find. However, once the valve is set, there will be constant pressure despite supply pressure changes. In normal working conditions, the pressure reducing valve is in an open position, while the pressure-relief valve is in a closed position. ## Do I need a plumber to install a pressure reducing valve? Although it is possible to install a pressure reducing valve yourself, it is highly recommended that you hire a [qualified plumbing professional](/guides/plumbers/how-many-plumbers-in-australia). A plumber will have the necessary expertise and experience to ensure that the job is done properly and safely, as well as any necessary bypass valves or other components. Additionally, they can also help you select the right type of valve for your needs and answer any questions you may have about its operation and maintenance. Installing a pressure reducing valve with a licensed plumber will not only protect your home from pot their systems for optimal performance. All in all, having a pressure reducing valve installed by an experienced plumber can offer significant benefits in terms of both safety and cost savings. ## What are some signs that a pressure reducing valve needs replacing? There are several signs that you may need to replace your pressure reducing valve. If water is dripping from the valve or it is not reducing the pressure to the desired level, then replacement may be necessary. If you hear a loud sound of water coming to a stop suddenly when you turn off the tap, it is due to high water pressure ( it is called water hammer). Additionally, if there are sudden increases in water bills or changes in the home's water pressure, then you should have a professional inspect and possibly replace your valve. Finally, valves can wear out over time and may need replacing due to normal wear and tear. Signs of this include corrosion, sediment buildup, pipe leaks, or other visible damage. You can use a pressure gauge to confirm your suspicions. ## Are there different types of pressure-reducing valves? Yes, there are several different styles and types of pressure reducing valves available. The most common type is a diaphragm valve, which uses an internal spring and rubber membrane to regulate water flow. Other types include pilot-operated valves, which use a separate inlet line to monitor pressure and adjust the main valve accordingly; solenoid valves, which use an electric current to open and close the valve; and direct-acting valves, which require no additional control mechanism for operation. Depending on your specific needs, one of these types may be more suitable than another. It is important to consult with a professional prior to purchasing any type of pressure reducing or [pressure relief valve](/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-pressure-relief-valve) in order to ensure that you get the right product for your system. ## Can I replace a water pressure valve myself? It requires cutting and joining on the valve in the main water line, so it is not recommended that you replace a water pressure valve yourself if you are not experienced. This type of work should be done by a qualified professional with experience installing and repairing plumbing systems. A plumber will also check for any additional components or bypass lines that may be needed to properly install the new valve and ensure that it is working correctly and safely. Attempting to do this yourself could result in damage to your home’s plumbing system or even injury, so it is best to leave this type of work to the experts to do healthy plumbing work.

What Is A Flush Pipe?

A flush pipe is a pipe that carries waste matter from the toilet bowl to the drain. It is usually made of PVC material and consists of an inlet at the top connected to the bottom part of the toilet bowl and an outlet at the bottom connected to the drainage system. The pipe acts as a conduit for liquid or solid waste materials to be flushed away from inside the toilet into the main sewer line. Flush pipes should be installed properly for efficient operation, and regular maintenance should be carried out to ensure optimal performance. They are necessary components in any plumbing system and, if not correctly installed, can lead to major problems such as clogged drains, overflowing toilets, and even water damage. Installing a flush pipe correctly is not easy. It requires experience and expertise and should only be done by a qualified plumber. Regular inspections and maintenance should be carried out to ensure that the flush pipe is in optimal working condition. This includes checking for potential blockages or water leaks, replacing worn parts such as seals, and ensuring that the pipe is connected correctly to the drainage system. If any problems are found during an inspection, they should be dealt with immediately to avoid more significant issues down the line. In Australia, most plumbing appliances and equipment must have a WaterMark certification to be installed by a licensed plumber. You can learn more at the [Australian Building Codes Board](https://abcb.gov.au/news/2022/market-new-toilet). ## Flush pipe vs cistern A flush toilet has several features. A flush pipe is a toilet component that carries waste away from the bowl and into the drainage system, while a cistern is a storage tank attached to the toilet or connected directly to the main water supply. In most products, the cistern is designed to be installed on the wall or recessed inside the wall. The [toilet cistern](/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-toilet-cistern) stores water, which is then used to fill up the toilet pan when it's flushed with an easy-to-use flush handle. Flush pipes are made from PVC material, while cisterns can be made from metal, plastic, or ceramic. The flush pipe and cistern require regular inspection and maintenance for optimal performance. ## Flush pipe vs boundary trap A flush pipe and a boundary trap are two distinct parts of a toilet system. A flush pipe is a pipe that carries waste matter from the toilet bowl to the drain, while a boundary trap is an airtight seal placed between the house's internal drainage system and the council's main line. The boundary trap prevents any odours or gases from entering your home's living spaces and pests such as rats or cockroaches from gaining access to your home through pipes connected to your sewage network. Both components are essential for efficient and hygienic plumbing systems and should be regularly inspected for optimal performance. ## Flush pipe vs soil stack A flush pipe is a pipe that carries waste away from the toilet bowl (pan) to the drainage system, while a soil stack is the main vertical pipe connecting all of the drains in your house. The flush pipe and soil stack both play essential roles in a plumbing system and should be regularly inspected. Fix issues identified for optimal performance. Flush pipes are made from PVC material, while soil stacks can be made from either clay or plastic pipes. Unlike flush pipes, soil stacks carry liquid and solid waste materials away from your home's plumbing fixtures, so it is important to ensure that they are properly connected at all times. ## Flush pipe replacement cost The cost of replacing a flush pipe in Australia depends on the size, complexity, and material used for the replacement pipe. Generally, PVC pipes are the most commonly used in Australian plumbing systems. The price at the store will typically range from $20 to $50, depending on the size. In addition to the cost of the parts, you will also need to factor in the plumber's labour costs to replace or install the pan, which can range anywhere from $50 to $200 depending on where you live and how complex the job is. ## How long does a flush pipe last? The life expectancy of a flush pipe depends on how it's designed and maintained and the material and type used. Generally, [PVC pipes](/guides/plumbers/upvc-vs-pvc-pipe) last around 20 to 30 years if they are kept clean and regularly inspected for any damage. On the other hand, metal pipes can corrode over time and should be replaced every 10 to 15 years to ensure optimal performance. ## What is the size of the flush pipe for the flushing cistern? The size of the flush pipes for flushing cisterns typically ranges between 3/4 inch to 2 inches in diameter or 19 mm to 50 mm. The flush pipe size in inches or millimetres (mm) should be determined by the flow rate required and the type of toilet used. The correct size of the flush pipe must be chosen and fitted per installation instructions so as not to cause any blockages or overflows when carrying waste away from the bowl. It is also essential to ensure that the pipes are correctly connected and maintained for optimal performance. ## What is the pipe at the back of the toilet? The pipe at the back of the toilet is typically a flush pipe, which carries waste away from the bowl to the drain. These pipes must be kept clean and [free from blockages](/guides/plumbers/how-do-plumbers-unclog-toilets) for your toilet to flush properly. The flush pipes are usually made from PVC material but can also be found in metal or ceramic, depending on your toilet style. Flush pipes should be regularly inspected and maintained for optimal performance. ## What causes a slow-flushing cistern? Various issues, such as a blockage in the flush pipe or an airlock in the toilet bowl, can cause a [slow-flushing cistern](/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-toilet-cistern). It is important to check for any signs of damage or obstruction in the pipes and ensure they are connected properly. In addition, check for any leaks around the toilet's base, behind the pan, or the connection to the wall where water could leak without being noticed. If none of these problems are present, it may be necessary to replace your flush pipe to improve performance. It is also vital to ensure that the cistern is regularly inspected for water or air leakage and maintained for optimal performance. ## What does OB stand for in plumbing? OB stands for "overflow" in plumbing. An overflow pipe is a system of pipes that carries away surplus water from a cistern or other type of container to prevent it from overflowing and causing damage to the surrounding area. Overflow pipes are typically made from PVC material but can also be found in metal or ceramic, depending on the type of installation. They must be correctly connected and maintained for optimal performance. Overflow pipes are an essential safety feature that should not be overlooked when installing any plumbing system.

Do Heat Pump Dryers Need Plumbing?

The answer is a little bit complicated, but the main takeaway is that you don't need to have any plumbing alterations done - you can plug it in and start using it. Heat pump dryers use electricity to generate heat (so if the power goes out, expect your laundry also to stay wet). They blow hot air through the wet laundry, an action that leads to drying of the clothes. This heat drives moisture from damp clothes and into the atmosphere. Here some of it evaporates back into water which gets collected by the machine and reused. The water collected at the water container component is not enough to require a [visit from a plumber.](/guides/plumbers/australian-plumbing-cost-guide) However, you will need to run the machine through a complete cycle once every two months or so. Some units come with a drain hose pre-installed. You can direct the collected water into your garden or laundry sink. The main indoor component that the clothes pass through is a ventilated chamber, which ensures that humidity levels remain low inside. By the action of the hot air, the ventilation removes water vapours from inside the machine and sends them outside, where they condense into actual water. This process is known as an air-to-water heat exchanger. There are 3 major variations of heat pump dryers: ### Ventless heat pump dryer Vented tumble dryers extract moisture from clothing without exposing the laundry to any external environment (since there's no venting). In effect, these machines work as regular drying machines but with a twist - their condensers use cold coils to extract moisture instead of using a fan or filter for this purpose. They are noticeably energy-efficient since they do not heat cold air or run fans like traditional dryers. Moisture captured by the machine is used to humidify the room where it's located. ### Condensing heat pump dryer Condenser dryers can be identified by a big vent on one side of the machine. This design allows the machine to expel hot, humid air from inside to reduce humidity levels in homes or laundromats with very low ventilation. The condensed water from this process through a drain pipe can be collected using a condensate tray at the bottom of the unit. The water is accumulated through an external hose attached near the back of the machine (for proper drainage). The energy efficiency of condenser tumble dryers is less compared to ventless heat dryers. However, condenser models are cheaper to buy, have a larger loading capacity, and dry laundry faster. ### Exhaust heat pump dryer These models are similar to condensing units, but they don't come with any vents on the actual machine. Instead, they use ducting kits for removing humid air from inside. The evaporator in these machines is usually located behind the unit and can be accessed by removing a small access door. These 3 types of heat pump dryers come in both free-standing and built-in designs. Whether you need a heat pump tumble dryer, the vented or condenser models will depend on your space, washing capacity requirements and budget, among other factors. Built-in models are meant to be installed inside laundromats or commercial laundry rooms, while the freestanding units are best for residential applications. You might have noticed that most heat pump dryers look pretty similar to high-efficiency conventional top load washers. This is because many of them are designed using washing machine parts. It's worth noting that not all electric dryers require plumbing, but these units do need an electrical outlet near where they're being installed because their power cords aren't very long. ## Does a heat pump dryer need a drain? No, not really. Most heat pump dryers are vented, which allows them to expel moist air into the atmosphere without requiring a drain. This is in contrast to the workings of a condenser tumble dryer. However, you will have to do periodic maintenance on your machine's evaporator coils (at least once every 2 months) and lint filter by removing any built-up lint and washing down its fins with water and detergent. This will ensure that humidity levels remain low inside the machine, even if laundry has been left inside for more than a few hours. ## How much electricity does a heat pump dryer use? Heat pump dryers draw more power than conventional electric dryers. The actual models vary in terms of power consumption, but most units can provide similar energy savings as an Energy Star washing machine. On average, it has been shown they use considerably less energy compared to their counterparts. A new condensing unit typically uses around 1,500 watts, while old ventless designs might require up to 3,000 watts (which is still less than some older dryers). Keep in mind that these machines shouldn't be operated on high heat settings because they're designed for residential, not commercial use. For more information on energy efficient dryers, take a look at the Australian Government's [Energy Rating website](https://www.energyrating.gov.au/dryers). ## What is a heat pump tumble dryer? Heat pump tumble dryers are much more energy-efficient than conventional dryers that rely on a mechanical drum or tumbling action to remove moisture from clothes. The heat pump technology they run on works by extracting heat from the surrounding environment (air or water) and transferring it to wet clothes inside the machine's drum via a cold evaporator coil. Since they use condensation instead of mechanical tumbling, these units can dry clothing faster than conventional electric dryers or even models that rely on direct combustion. ## Are heat pump tumble dryers efficient? Yes. The heat pump tumble dryers achieve superior energy efficiency because of the underlying condenser dryer technology they rely on. Most models claim to be able to provide similar energy savings as Energy Star washing machines - some can save up to 50% of your electricity bills compared to traditional tumble dryers. They're also very quiet and can do a much better job at preserving the colours in clothing than most typical dryers. Some heat pump tumble dryers come with sensors on the drum that constantly monitor how much moisture is inside clothing. This allows them to automatically switch to low heat settings when laundry is about 3/4 of the way dried, saving electricity and preventing overheating. ## How long does a heat pump dryer take to dry clothes? Heat pump dryers are much faster than conventional dryers because they rely on heat pumps, not combustion or mechanical tumbling, to extract moisture from laundry. Some condensing models can do this in around 40-50 minutes, while older ventless designs might take a bit longer - between 90 and 120 minutes. It's important to note that these units usually require a lower drying temperature or medium heat setting, which means drying laundry will take a bit longer when using the high heat setting. ## Do heat pump dryers cause condensation? Condensation can be a common problem with heat pump dryers. Even the best units might see some moisture collecting around the machine if laundry has been left inside for too long, but this is usually a relatively minor issue compared to most traditional dryers. ## How do I prevent condensation from my heat pump tumble dryer? If you notice any condensation on your unit's cold evaporator coil - wipe it down as soon as possible to avoid stains and mildew growth. Operating your machine without venting it properly will cause wet clothes to accumulate moisture inside its inner chamber, resulting in unpleasant odours or even damage parts of the appliance over time. Most modern condensing models include a built-in drainage feature that automatically drains water away from the machine when it decides that the ambient temperature is low enough for this to be possible. This drains water from the reservoir through a hose or directly into a sink through an external port. ## Can I put a heat pump dryer on the wall? It's possible to wall mount heat pump tumble dryers, but it usually isn't a good idea. Most units are quite heavy and require 1-2 inches of clearance behind them in order to prevent overheating or damage to the machine itself. Most condensing models aren't designed for this kind of installation, but some ventless units can be mounted on a bracket provided that there's enough space around the appliance. ## Are heat pump dryers worth it? Heat pump tumble dryers are very efficient and considerably cheaper to use than traditional electric or gas-powered units, but they do cost quite a bit more upfront. Although prices have dropped significantly over the past few years, you can expect to pay around $1000 for a quality ventless model compared to closer to $300 for an older condensing unit. Most of these machines will also require professional installation (around $100-$200), making them cost more to buy and install as commercial or home appliances. There are also reports that some users find these appliances quite difficult to operate at first because of the digital display and different cycles available on modern models - be prepared to spend time reading user manuals before using one. Fortunately, if you do your research upfront, there are some great deals to be had on high-quality heat pump dryers. ## Are heat pump dryers vented? In most cases, heat pump tumble dryers need to vent moist air from the inner drum to work correctly. However, there are a few condensing models that don't require any ventilation at all. These can be installed in any small house or workplace where installing a flexible external ducting system is not practical. These units have an internal cold evaporator coil that sits near the rear of the chamber and collects moisture from clothing during a drying cycle before releasing it into the immediate environment through a drain hose or directly into a sink via a dedicated port. You should never operate these appliances without installing them carefully according to manufacturer instructions. Doing so could cause severe damage over time due to water flooding the unit when it cannot evaporate anymore. This phenomenon is known as overfilling.

How Much Plumber's Tape to Use?

Plumbers tape is often used when joining metal or PVC pipes together. It can be used in much the same way as you would use a screw and a nut to fasten two items together. The Teflon tape is wrapped around the pipe, acting as a thread of sorts, allowing a firm connection between the two pieces. This tape can be used on a range of different materials, including metal, plastic, PVC, and more. It is very important to use the right amount of thread seal tape, though. If you do not use enough when you apply Teflon tape, then your pipes will be loose and could leak or come apart. On the other hand, if you use too much then it might be difficult to get a tight fit when joining the pieces together. A good rule of thumb when you apply Teflon tape is to wrap the tape about 2 to 3 times around the entire length of the pipe, wrapping in a clockwise direction. You can tape in the opposite direction, but this will ensure that the thread tape is finger tight and will lie flat without any issues. It will give you a nice snug fit that allows you to join two lengths of pipe without worrying about them popping apart later on down the road. While [2 to 3 rounds of tape](/guides/plumbers/how-to-use-plumbers-tape) should allow you to join most threaded connections securely, you can use more tape if you need to tighten the connect further. When you begin wrapping the additional tape, make sure to wrap the excess tape in the direction of the first few rounds of tape. ## How long does plumber's tape last? Plumbers tape (also known as standard PTFE tape, Teflon tape, thread tape, or thread seal tape) comes in a variety of different forms, and is usually relatively thin, though it is available in a range of thicknesses. If you are using it on smaller pipes then you should use a thinner tape. On larger pipes, though, you may need to use thicker pieces of Teflon tape, as a thin tape will not provide the same strong connection that a thicker piece will. As the name implies, the main purpose of this material is to ensure a firm connection between your plumbing lines (or other any other plumbing fittings) so that there are no leaks or other problems. This means that over time you might have to replace some areas where the pipes meet, or a pipe meets the fitting, to ensure that there aren't any weak spots due to wear and tear on the exterior surface area. Usually, this kind of wear requires only a few wraps around the area so it should not be too costly in terms of time or the amount you spend on Teflon tape. It can also be used to connect threads together and a secure seal that you can tighten if need be by applying more tape, hence the name thread seal tape. Whenever you apply Teflon tape, whether it is on a pipe that you are installing or one that has already been created, make sure to keep the lifespan of the thread seal tape in mind when putting the pieces together. Otherwise, your bulky plumbing system with start to leak water all over the place and become more of an annoyance than anything else. It is very important for people who work with pipes to use the right amount of thread seal tape so that they don't damage their model entirely. Don't put yourself through unnecessary work; wrap your plumbing lines properly at every stage. ## What is plumber's tape made of? This tape is made of a cotton cloth that has been treated with a variety of chemicals in order to create an adhesive that can be cleaned up with water. This material is actually quite versatile in many ways and it also comes with the benefit of being cost-effective for anyone who works on plumbing systems. A single roll should be enough to handle most projects and will help you improve the overall water flow in your home. While this tape is also known as Teflon tape, it is not made of real Teflon. DuPont, the company that makes Teflon, stopped producing plumbers tapes some time ago, and the use of the Teflon brand name is simply a reference to how ubiquitous the use of DuPont's plumber tapes were. Thread tape is available in a variety of colours, so that you can hide it it when you use it. Typical colours are listed below. - Yellow tape. - Pink tape (most commonly used on water and gas links that are pink or another, similar colour). - White tape. ## What chemicals is plumber's tape treated with? Tape manufacturers use many different chemicals to treat thread tape. In most cases, the PTFE tapes are infused with a variety of substances so that it is easier for the adhesive to stick to the pipe and other tools that you may need to work with. The best way to find out exactly what was used in your roll of teflon tape would be to read through the label so that you are sure of what type of chemicals could be causing an adverse reaction. If this is not possible then it should be safe to assume that the adhesive was treated with one or more water-resistant materials that will hold up well under most conditions. ## Can you use too much plumbing tape? If you use too much of teflon tape then it might be difficult for you to get the fitting onto the pipe. If the fitting isn't attached securely, it can cause leaking of water and other problems that may result in water damage over time. It is best to use just thread tape to provide a good seal between mating threads, or between a fitting and the other pipes. A tight seal will ensure that your pipes will stay firmly attached and there won't be any problems with leaking from your fitting or your pipes later on down the line. ## Can you use plumber's tape for anything else? Teflon tape can be used in a variety of ways around your home. Teflon tape is super versatile in many ways so it should be no surprise to learn that it can be reused in most cases. There are some situations where you might have to get creative but usually, you can use PTFE tape to fix a variety of things that are plaguing your home or business. You could use Teflon tape to create makeshift clamps if you don't have any other tools on hand. Simply wind the PTFE tape around the area where there is trouble and it should hold itself together. It's important to note, though, that PTFE tape is not meant to be used as a permanent solution for problems like this. ## How much tape do you put on pipe threads? A common question that many people have is how much of this PTFE tape should be used on pipe threads. Typically one to two wraps around the area are all that you need to provide a good seal, though you will also have to make sure the tap is grease free. You want to make sure that there are no gaps or other spots between the first thread and the second thread. If there are gaps between the threads, air could escape into the main water supply and if there is air between the threads, your pipes will begin to leak, which can cause a lot of damage over time. PTFE tape comes in various shapes and sizes so it should not be difficult for you to find something that works well with the threads in your plumbing system or home setup. If possible, we recommend opting for a high density rating tape, as it will be stronger and ensure the connection between the threads lasts longer. ## What is the difference between plumber's tape and pipe dope? PTFE tape and pipe dope are two things that can be used to ensure that your pipes will not leak or cause other issues down the line. However, they are different for many reasons. For one, PTFE tape is much cheaper than pipe dope but works in a very similar way. Pipe dope comes with the benefit of being a thread sealant that is strong enough to encapsulate fittings before you screw them into place. It is also far more resistant to heat over time so it should last longer on your fittings than PTFE tape would on average. ## What is pipe dope? Pipe dope is an adhesive that you can use with your plumbing system. It's a thread sealant that is designed to be strong enough to prevent leaks on the connections of fittings and will last for a longer period of time than PTFE tape on average. It does not come cheap though so many people who need it opt for using PTFE tape on their fittings instead because it works in almost the exact same way but at a lower price point. PTFE taps is also preferred over other sealants due to this price advantage. If you're not sure whether or not you can use thread tape for a given issues, it's always best to contact one of the [many local plumbers](/guides/plumbers/how-many-plumbers-in-australia) for help. A professional will be able to deal with all your concerns, and provide you with more permanent solutions if necessary. Additionally, they'll be able to deal with delicate and tricky areas of your plumbing setup, for example: - Oxygen lines and areas with other oxygen applications. - High pressure lines, including high pressure water lines. - Gas and natural gas lines. They'll also be able to help with any other plumbing work that may need to be done in your home. Depending on the damage to your plumbing, you may also need to contact pipe fitters for help. They help maintain pipes of all types, including plumbing pipes and pipes used for the same applications. For more information on plumbing codes and standards, take a look at the [NSW Department of Fair Trading website](https://www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au/trades-and-businesses/construction-and-trade-essentials/plumbers-and-drainers/plumbing-code-standards-and-notes). Be sure to check to see if the regulations apply to your area.

How to use plastic plumbing fittings

In most cases, a plastic pipe can last for many years if installed correctly and protected from extreme temperatures or chemical exposure. Plastic plumbing fittings are replacing cast iron and becoming increasingly popular for use in home plumbing systems. These fittings are lightweight, easy to install and require no extra hardware or tools. Here's how to properly use a plumbing fitting for your next home plumbing project Begin by cleaning the area where you plan on installing the fitting. Use a cloth and rubbing alcohol to wipe away any dirt or debris from the surface. This will help ensure that the pipe is able to fit tightly with the plastic fittings without any problems Measure the size of the pipe and make sure it matches up with the size of the pipe fittings you need for your project. You may need an adapter if there isn't a perfect match between them. Insert the pipe into the push fit fittings, making sure that it is properly aligned and level. If necessary, you may need to use a clamp or rubber band to connect fittings, ensuring a snug fit. Once the pipe is fully inserted, apply a small amount of adhesive around the edges of the pipe fittings and onto the outside surface of the pipe. This will help to seal any gaps between them, preventing leaks in water piping. Allow enough time for the adhesive to dry before testing your plumbing system with water pressure or other liquids. After testing, your plumbing push fit fittings should be ready for use. ## How do plastic plumbing push fittings work? Plastic plumbing push fittings are used to join two pipes together using a system of mechanical watertight seal and friction. The fitting contains an interior seal that is used to create a watertight connection between the pipe and the fitting, while also providing a secure mechanical connection. This seal prevents any liquids from leaking out between the pieces of pipe. The plumbing push fittings also contain several ridges or grooves on the exterior surface. These grooves help reduce friction when inserting the pipe into the fitting, making it easier to install them with minimal effort. Additionally, they provide extra structural support for the entire plastic piping, helping to ensure that everything stays in place once installed. Finally, some fittings may also come with additional accessories such as clamps, rubber bands, or adhesive similar to [plumbers tape](/guides/plumbers/how-to-use-plumbers-tape). These accessories can be used to further secure the connection between both the pipe and the fittings, providing an extra layer of protection against leaks With the right tools and know-how, using plastic plumbing fittings can be a great way to quickly and easily join two pieces of pipe together in your home plumbing system. Just remember to take your time when installing them and make sure everything is watertight before testing with liquids. ## Do I need pipe inserts on a plastic pipe? Like female fitting, pipe inserts may be necessary when installing a plastic pipe. These inserts help to prevent the fittings from leaking due to imperfections in the surface of the pipe. To ensure that your plumbing system is properly sealed, you should always check for any potential gaps between the pipe and fitting before installation. If a gap is present, a pipe insert can help fill it and create an even tighter seal. Pipe inserts also help increase the structural integrity of the entire assembly, making them an important part of any successful installation. However, not all types of plastic pipes require pipe inserts - so it's always best to consult with a professional if you're unsure about whether or not they are necessary for your project. ## Are plastic and PVC plumbing pipes the same? No, plastic and [PVC plumbing pipes](/guides/plumbers/upvc-vs-pvc-pipe) are not the same. A plastic pipe is made from various materials such as polyethylene, nylon, or acrylic. These materials are generally lighter and less expensive than PVC. On the other hand, PVC and CPVC is a type of plastic that is specifically designed for plumbing applications due to its strength and durability. Additionally, it's often cheaper than metal piping options and can withstand higher temperatures without breaking down or leaking. While both types of material can be used for plumbing purposes, PVC is generally more popular due to its lower cost and ease of installation. Therefore, if you're looking for an affordable yet durable solution for your next plumbing project, you may want to consider using PVC or CPVC pipe instead of a plastic pipe. ## Do plastic pipes last longer than PVC and copper pipes? In most cases, a plastic pipe can last for many years if installed correctly and protected from extreme temperatures or chemical exposure. However, [copper and PVC pipe](/guides/plumbers/copper-vs-pvc-pipes) is generally more durable than plastic pipes due to their thicker walls and higher resistance to pressure. This makes them ideal for applications that require a strong and long-lasting connection, such as underground plumbing systems. Ultimately, the lifespan of either type of piping will depend on the specific application and environment it is being used in. Moreover, using PVC cement may be required for PVC pipes. ## What is the lifespan of a plastic plumbing pipe? The lifespan of a plastic plumbing pipe depends on several factors such as the type of material and how it is installed. Generally speaking, most plastic pipes can last anywhere from 20 to 50 years if it is properly maintained and regularly inspected. However, higher-quality materials such as PVC can last much longer due to their thicker walls and greater resistance to corrosion. Additionally, proper fitting techniques should always be used when installing any pipe in order to ensure that it lasts for its expected lifespan. ## How can I repair a broken plumbing pipe? If a plumbing pipe breaks, it must be repaired as soon as possible to prevent further damage. The first step is to determine the exact location of the break and then shut off the water supply in that area if necessary. Once you have done this, the broken section of pipe must be removed from its fittings and replaced with a new piece. In some cases, a specialised repair kit may be needed for more complex repairs. If you are unsure about how to complete this type of repair yourself, it's best to consult with a plumber or other professional who can help you safely and correctly fix any leaks or breaks in your plumbing system.

Plumbers Informational Articles

What Is A Gully In Plumbing?

A gully in plumbing is an important part of the drainage system that helps to prevent flooding. It acts as a catchment area for water runoff and is generally placed at ground level outside buildings, near doors and paths. Gullies collect rainwater from downpipes, surface water from pavements and other sources. The collected water then runs into a drain or soakaway, away from the building. Generally speaking, a gully consists of an upper chamber that collects the water, and a lower chamber where it flows out into the drain or other outlet. Depending on its purpose, gullies can also be fitted with gratings to protect them against leaves, debris and even animals. In some cases, they can also be used for draining away wastewater from sinks and other plumbing fixtures. Gullies are an essential part of any drainage system, helping to keep buildings safe from flooding. An overflow relief gully (ORG) is a critical element should you suffer a sewage overload. For more information on how an overflow relief gully works, take a look at the [Queensland Building and Construction Commission](https://www.qbcc.qld.gov.au/resources/article/overflow-relief-gullies). In some cases, gullies may also be fitted with additional features such as a sump pump or a non-return valve to help control the water flow. This prevents backflow into the building and helps ensure that the water is running in the right direction at all times. Without these important components in place, there is an increased risk of flooding which can cause significant damage to properties. ## What is the difference between a gully and a trap? The main difference between a gully and a trap is in the way they are used. A gully is an external part of the drainage system, placed at ground level and designed to collect water runoff from downpipes, pavements or other sources. A [plumbing trap](/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-trap-in-plumbing) is an internal part of the plumbing system which forms part of the waste pipe leading from sinks, baths and toilets into the drain. Traps act as a barrier against sewer gases entering buildings by trapping them in their curved section called the P trap. Gullies are generally much larger than traps, with some being up to four feet long and two feet wide, depending on their purpose. Gullies also have grates fitted on them to protect against leaves, debris and animals. Traps are usually much smaller, measuring just a few inches across. They also do not have grates fitted as they are designed to fit inside the waste pipe and prevent sewer gases from entering the building. ## Where is my gully trap? The exact location of your gully trap will depend on the type of property you have and its age. In older buildings, the gully trap may be found outside near the walls or pathways. It is usually located at ground level and can easily be identified by its grate cover. In more modern buildings, the gully trap is often found within internal plumbing systems and can be quite hard to locate. If you are unable to find it, then it is advisable to contact a qualified plumber who will be able to identify and access it. ## How does a sewer gully work? A sewer gully works by collecting and removing water from surfaces such as roads and pavements. It is typically a hole in the ground with an opening that allows [water to be drained away](/guides/plumbers/how-sink-drains-work). Usually, it will have a grating over the top, which helps prevent debris, such as leaves and dirt, from entering the gully. The collected water passes through underground pipes to a larger drainage system or into local streams or rivers. Sewer gullies also help reduce flooding risk by allowing excess rainwater to be removed quickly from areas where there is no natural drainage. They are often used in urban areas or near heavily trafficked roads where there is a greater chance of surface water accumulating due to the reduced permeability of the ground. ## What is an overflow relief gully? An overflow relief gully is a type of sewer gully that is specially designed to protect the drainage system from flooding in times of heavy rainfall. Unlike standard sewer gullies, these are designed with an internal baffle plate which allows excess water to escape through an additional outlet when the main drain becomes full. This releases the pressure that builds up in the system and prevents it from overflowing and causing flooding. Overflow relief gullies can be installed on both domestic and commercial properties as part of their overall drainage system. They are particularly important for areas at risk of flash floods due to the high amount of rainwater they can collect quickly during heavy downpours. ## How do I install a gully myself? Installing a gully is not an easy task and should only be attempted by someone with experience in this type of plumbing work. It's important to make sure that the hole you are digging is deep enough so that the gully can sit below ground level, and that the surrounding area is properly compacted to provide good support for the structure. There are several steps involved in installing a gully including measuring the size of the hole, connecting it to the drainage system, sealing around it, and filling it with gravel or other materials. ## Where does a gully drain to? The water from a gully will typically drain into underground pipes before making its way to a larger drainage system or to local streams/rivers. The exact route it takes depends on the layout of the surrounding area and any regulations in place for surface water removal. It's important to make sure that the installation is done properly so that the water can be drained away without causing flooding or other problems. ## How do I stop a gully from flooding? There are several steps you can take to help prevent a gully from flooding. First, make sure the area around it is clear of debris such as leaves and dirt so that water can flow freely into it. You should also check that the grating covering the top is in good condition so that it doesn't become blocked with debris. Additionally, if your area is prone to heavy downpours or flash floods then installing an overflow relief gully may be beneficial as this will allow excess water to escape through an additional outlet when the main drain becomes full [or even blocked](/guides/abrasive-saws/how-to-fix-a-blocked-drain). Finally, regular maintenance of your drainage system will help ensure everything remains in good working order and reduce the risk of flooding.

UPVC vs PVC pipe

UPVC pipes are most commonly used in residential or commercial building structure for water supply and drainage systems. UPVC (unplasticised polyvinyl chloride) has a few advantages over PVC polyvinyl chloride. It is more resistant to chemicals, temperature extremes, and electrical currents. In addition, it can handle higher pressures than regular Polyvinyl Chloride pipe due to its rigid construction, making it suitable for use in water-supply systems. It does not corrode or degrade like PVC pipe when exposed to saltwater or UV light. UPVC can be formed into many applications and offers excellent thermal performance, is long lasting and requires very little maintenance, according to the YourHome website. https://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/glazing UPVC is more expensive than regular PVC pipe, so it may not be a practical choice for those on a tight budget. Additionally, UPVC requires specialised tools and skills to install properly, so it is not recommended for DIY projects. UPVC also tends to be a more rigid material than regular PVC pipe, which can make it difficult to fit into tight spaces or around turns. It is also more energy efficient than PVC. Overall, both UPVC and PVC pipes are excellent materials for plumbing applications. The best option for your project will depend on factors such as cost, durability, convenience, and ease of installation. You can consider PVC piping for all plumbing activities as it is a good alternative to copper and aluminium pipes. ## Where are UPVC pipes used? UPVC pipes are most commonly used in residential or commercial building structures for water supply and drainage systems. They can also be utilised for industrial applications such as irrigation systems, chemical transportation, and gas pipelines. UPVC pipes are more resistant to environmental factors such as sunlight, temperature extremes, and chemical agents, making them suitable for underground installations. In addition, their flexibility makes it easy to install them around tight spaces or curves UPVC is also becoming a popular material for window frames and door frames due to its insulation properties and durability. UPVC windows have higher energy efficiency properties. It is also gaining traction in the medical field as an alternative to metal tubing for intravenous lines due to its non-toxic nature. Finally, Unplasticised PVC is often used in the pipe constructions of furniture frames and fittings due to its lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties. It is used in place of cast iron for heavy-duty plumbing. Due to its cost-effectiveness, it is used in sewage lines, waste lines, and irrigation systems. UPVC is the major raw product for plastic pipes in the world because of its resistance to chemical erosion and smoother inner walls. The smooth surface aids water flow. It is used in other plastic products also. It is often called rigid plastic pipe, whereas PVC is called flexible plastic. Overall, UPVC is a versatile material that offers many advantages over traditional materials such as steel or iron. It is an ideal choice for a range of plumbing, medical, and construction materials ## How can you tell the difference between PVC and UPVC? The main difference between PVC and UPVC is that UPVC is a stronger, more durable material. This is because UPVC contains plasticizers, stabilizers, and fillers which give it additional strength. To the naked eye, you may be unable to tell the difference between PVC and UPVC as they can look very similar. However, if you have them side-by-side, it should be relatively easy to spot differences in texture and colour. To be certain of what type of pipe you are dealing with, it’s best to use a tool such as a caliper or a ruler to measure the thickness of the material. PVC pipes tend to be thinner than UPVC due to their lack of additives. In addition, when exposed to very high temperatures, PVC will expand while UPVC will remain intact. ## Where are PVC pipes used? PVC pipes are most commonly used in residential water pipes and commercial plumbing applications, such as water supply and drainage systems, electrical cable insulation, and pool circulation systems. It is used in electrical cables insulation which is why PVC-coated wires are common. In addition, they are also used for industrial purposes such as chemical transportation, irrigation systems, and gas pipelines. Larger PVC pipes are used in transporting non-potable water. PVC is a popular choice due to its affordability, flexibility, and corrosion resistance. It can be easily installed around tight spaces or curves with minimal effort. In addition to plumbing applications, PVC is often used in the construction of furniture frames and fittings due to its lightweight nature. Finally, slender PVC pipes are also being utilised for medical tubing for intravenous lines due to its non-toxic properties. PVC products are also used in car cables, shower curtains, car interiors, and sometimes medical equipment. But it is not used in window frames as UPVC windows are better options. Overall, PVC is an excellent choice for a variety of home improvement projects and plumbing applications. PVC wires can form HCL fumes when burning or subjected to too high temperatures. ## Can UPVC pipes be used for hot water? Yes, UPVC piping is suitable for both hot and cold water systems. In fact, UPVC pipes are a popular choice for hot water systems due to their resistance to temperature extremes and corrosion. This makes them ideal for high-pressure systems as well as underground installations where heat and pressure levels may fluctuate. A UPVC pipe is thought of as a rigid PVC pipe and it is used to replace wood in construction such as double glazed window frames (a.k.a. vinyl siding). However, it is important to note that UPVC is not suited for DIY projects due its rigidity and inflexibility Overall, both UPVC and PVC pipes offer excellent solutions for residential and commercial plumbing applications. The best option will depend on factors such as cost, durability, convenience, and ease of installation. UPVC is the preferred material when dealing with high-pressure or temperature extremes while PVC can be used in simpler DIY projects or furniture frames. Both materials offer excellent corrosion resistance and flexibility which make them great choices for a variety of applications. However, neither PVC nor UPVC can be used to transmit drinking water; chlorinated polyvinyl chloride is used instead. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride is obtained by chlorinating polyvinyl chloride. The best part is chlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipes (CPVC pipes) is that they can transmit both cold and hot water. ## How are PVC and UPVC pipes made? PVC and UPVC pipes are made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, a white powder that is mixed with plasticizers, stabilizers and other additives. For UPVC pipes, the additional ingredients give the material increased strength and durability. The mixture is then heated up to create molten PVC which can be shaped into tubes through a process of extrusion. Finally, the tubes are cooled down and cut into various lengths before being sold as pipes. In the PVC vs UPVC manufacturing process, plasticisers are added when making PVC. This is why PVC are more flexible and UPVC sometimes needs solvent cement for fitting. ## What lengths can I buy UPVC or PVC pipes in? UPVC and PVC pipes come in a range of standard lengths, typically from 1 to 6 metres. However, it is also possible to have the pipes cut into custom lengths for specific projects or applications. Some suppliers may even offer pre-cut UPVC tubes in shorter sizes such as 10cm, 20cm or 30cm. PVC comes in the nominal pipe size, which is the galvanised steel pipe size. CPVCs are the ones sold according to copper tubing in copper plumbing systems. It’s always best to check with your supplier beforehand if you require custom lengths or sizes Overall, PVC and UPVC pipes are popular materials for plumbing applications due to their affordability, flexibility, and corrosion resistance. PVC is best used for residential and DIY projects while UPVC should be used in high-pressure or temperature extreme environments. ## How long do UPVC and PVC pipes last? The lifespan of PVC vs UPVC pipes largely depends on the environment in which they are used. Generally, PVC pipes will have a shorter life expectancy due to their lack of additives and susceptibility to heat expansion. However, when used under normal conditions and properly installed, PVC pipes can last up to 20 years or more. On the other hand, UPVC pipes tend to have a longer lifespan as their extra ingredients give them greater strength and durability. With proper installation, UPVC pipes can last for up to 50 years or more. Ultimately, both materials offer excellent solutions for residential and commercial applications with correct maintenance and use.

What Is A Boundary Shaft In Plumbing?

A boundary shaft in plumbing is a duct or pipe that runs vertically and carries wastewater from the building to an external sewage system. It typically runs through the foundation of the building and serves as a boundary between the interior and exterior main sewer line. Boundary shafts are often made of concrete or metal, but plastic can also be used. The sewer inspection shaft may include a venting system to prevent gases generated by decomposition in septic tanks from entering the living space of the building. Additionally, they help protect against flooding by allowing extra water to exit during heavy rain events. A properly functioning sewer inspection shaft is essential to ensure building sanitation and health. Sometimes, a boundary shaft can form part of a building's drainage system if connected to a septic tank. It can also be connected to an external sewer line to direct wastewater away from the building's internal plumbing system. In either case, the boundary shaft must be regularly maintained and inspected for any signs of damage or blockage. Properly functioning boundary shafts help ensure the safety and well-being of a building's occupants and its surrounding environment. In many cases, boundary shafts are placed at regular intervals around the perimeter of a property to create an effective drainage network. This helps protect against flooding and other similar events which might otherwise cause extensive water damage. Additionally, they provide a structural barrier between the interior and exterior plumbing systems, ensuring that wastewater remains separate. Some wastewater can be recycled and possibly stored for later use, For more information, take a look at this handy site from the [New South Wales Government](https://www.nsw.gov.au/environment-land-and-water/water-use-and-monitoring/wastewater-and-stormwater). ## What is a boundary trap? A boundary trap is a plumbing device located at the property boundary that prevents the backflow of sewer gases and other contaminants from entering a building. It is typically installed in the foundation or near the base of a home, at the point where interior and exterior sewerage system pipes connect to the main sewer line. Any sound plumbing job must have an inspection shaft and a boundary trap. The boundary trap contains a bowl-shaped device filled with water which creates an airtight seal around the pipes, preventing any gases from escaping. Boundary traps help ensure sanitation and health within buildings by keeping hazardous substances out of living spaces. Boundary traps are part of the sewer system to protect against backflow. Other devices, such as air admittance valves and [check valves](/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-check-valve), can also prevent hazardous materials from entering a building. ## Boundary shaft vs boundary trap Boundary shafts and boundary traps play an essential role in preventing the backflow of sewer system gases and other contaminants from entering a building. However, they serve slightly different purposes. ### Boundary shaft A boundary shaft is typically installed where interior and exterior plumbing systems meet. It provides a vertical duct or pipe that carries wastewater away from the building to an external sewerage system and acts as a structural barrier between the two systems. The boundary shaft has an inspection opening on the surface level. The inspection opening is extremely helpful when troubleshooting blocked drains. This helps ensure sanitation and health within buildings by keeping hazardous substances out of living spaces. ### Boundary trap A boundary trap, found in many older properties, creates an airtight seal around pipes near the base of a home, preventing any gases from escaping into the living space. Boundary traps must be properly maintained, inspected for any blockages or damage, and tested to ensure that no gases have run into a building. Overall, boundary shafts and boundary traps are essential to prevent sewage gases and other contaminants from entering a building. They help protect against flooding by allowing extra water to exit during heavy rain events and providing an essential barrier between the interior and exterior plumbing systems. Properly functioning boundary shafts and traps are necessary to ensure the safety and well-being of a building's occupants and surrounding environment. ## Does a boundary trap need a vent? Yes, a boundary trap needs a vent. Vents are the inspection points for existing boundary traps. The vent is typically installed at the top of the pipe near the base of the home and allows air to enter or exit from the pipes when necessary. The air inlet vent prevents any pressure from building up inside the pipes, which could otherwise cause them to become blocked. Additionally, it allows wastewater to flow more easily through the system without becoming trapped in stagnant pockets. A properly functioning vent helps ensure that boundary traps are effective in preventing sewage gases and other contaminants from entering a building. It is crucial for property owners to regularly check their boundary traps for signs of blockages or damage. ## Is a boundary trap replacement needed? You need a boundary trap replacement if it gets blocked. To prevent boundary trap issues, they must be properly maintained and inspected for any blockages from foreign objects or damaged or burst pipe. Additionally, they should be regularly tested to ensure that no gases have escaped into the living space of the building. Properly functioning boundary traps can help ensure the safety and well-being of a building's occupants and its surrounding environment. ## What is a gully trap? A gully trap is a plumbing device to prevent the backflow of wastewater and other contaminants into a building. It is typically installed near the entrance to a property, where it acts as an inlet for rainwater or wastewater run-off. The gully trap consists of a bowl-shaped container filled with water, creating an airtight seal around the pipes. The U or P-shaped trap allows sewer system contents to only flow in one direction. This helps ensure sanitation and health within buildings by keeping hazardous substances out of living spaces. It is different to a general [plumbing gully](/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-gully-in-plumbing). Gully traps must be regularly inspected and maintained to keep them functioning properly. Additionally, they should be tested periodically to ensure that no gases have escaped into living spaces. Properly functioning gully traps can help protect against flooding by allowing extra water to exit during heavy rain events. They provide an essential barrier between the interior and exterior plumbing systems when you have a blocked drain. A gully trap is an important device and connection point for ensuring the safety and well-being of a building's occupants and its surrounding environment. ## Is installation of gully traps regulated? Gully traps should be installed following local plumbing codes and regulations to ensure they are safe and effective. Homeowners should regularly inspect their gully traps for blockages or damage, for instance, by tree roots, to ensure that they are functioning properly. Regular maintenance of overflow relief gully traps by the property owner is essential for keeping them in good working order and preventing any potential issues from arising. Overflow relief gully traps play an integral role in protecting against backflow by creating a physical barrier between living spaces and sewerage systems. By using both boundary shafts, boundary traps, and gully traps, homeowners can ensure that their property is adequately protected from flooding and other contaminants. Properly functioning plumbing systems are essential for the health and safety of any building's occupants and surrounding environment. ## What are the benefits of using a boundary shaft? The primary benefit of using a boundary shaft is that it helps protect against flooding by allowing extra water to exit during heavy rain events. It also allows wastewater to flow more easily through a system without becoming trapped in stagnant pockets. Additionally, it provides an essential barrier between the interior and exterior plumbing systems, helping keep hazardous substances out of living spaces. Boundary shafts are also necessary in sewer networks for properly functioning boundary traps, which help protect against backflow and sewage gases entering a building. Installing and regularly inspecting boundary shafts is an essential step in preventing plumbing issues and maintaining the health and safety of any property. ## Will a boundary shaft solve all my plumbing needs? No. Boundary shafts are combined with other plumbing devices, such as gully traps, to create an effective barrier against flooding and contamination and prevent water from leaking back into the house. Boundary shafts are only one part of the plumbing system. You or your plumber must maintain the inspection shaft, [inspection opening](/guides/plumbers/what-is-an-inspection-opening-in-plumbing) and other related parts to avoid plumbing problems. Additionally, they can increase air circulation within pipes, preventing pressure from building up and ensuring that water flows freely through the system. Regularly inspecting boundary shafts and the other sewer system parts is essential to ensure they function correctly and protect a home against potential issues.

How to measure plumbing fittings

Plumbing fittings come in a variety of shapes and sizes to fit various kinds of pipe types and pipe sizes. There are several tools available for accurately measuring plumbing fittings, such as a ruler, tape measure, calipers, or depth gauge. To measure the outside diameter of a pipe fitting, use a ruler or measuring tape to measure from the widest point of the plumbing fitting to the other widest point of the pipe. To measure the inside diameter of a plumbing pipe fitting, use calipers to take an inside diameter measurement. ## What about pipe depth? In most tubing projects when measuring nominal pipe size, you also need to take accurate measurements of the depth of a pipe. This can be easily measured by using a depth gauge. This tool will give you an exact reading of how deep the pipe is. Another thing to look out for when measuring nominal tube size, especially when measuring for pipe fittings, be sure to measure the entire circumference of it and not just one side. For example, if you are measuring an elbow joint for a pipe, measure the length from one end of the elbow of the pipe to the other end of the pipe. This will give you an accurate indication of what size fitting is needed. Basically, with an accurate reading of the nominal pipe sizes, later on, the accurate, right fitting sizes can be assembled. ## Are pipe fitting sizes measured by inner or outer diameter? The nominal pipe size, more precisely fitting nominal size is measured by both the inside diameter and outside diameter. The inner diameter is taken from the inner wall of the pipe, while the outer diameter is taken from the pipe's outer wall. Depending on the type of fitting that is being measured, either one or both accurate sizes of outside diameter measurement and inside diameter may be necessary to determine the pipe fittings' nominal size. ## What if a pipe has tapered threads? For example, if a fitting has tapered threads, it will need to have the exact nominal size of the pipe's outside diameter, so that it is the right size and fits into other pipe threads or other pipe components. However, if a fitting does not require threading then you may only take accurate measurements of the inner diameter when selecting the right fitting size. ## Why are pipe fittings specified from the inside and not the outside diameter? Pipe fitting measurements are typically measured from the inside diameter of the pipe. This is because pipe fittings are designed to fit inside a certain pipe size. The outside diameter of the pipe fitting may vary depending on wall thickness, but it should be close to the same as the nominal inside diameter of the nominal size it is being fitted into. It again is important to measure accurately and use fitting sizes that match up with your choice of tubing system so that you have a proper connection. It can also help prevent issues such as leaks or clogs if you make sure your tubing is securely fitted. ## What are the measurements used in plumbing? The nominal pipe size measurements used in plumbing are typically displayed in millimeters or inches. It is important to use the correct measurement when you measure pipe size, especially when selecting or installing any kind of copper pipe or cross-linked polyethylene tubing, as sizes can vary significantly between different types of pipes and other components. Common measurements include the below. - Pipe internal nominal diameter (ID) - Pipe external nominal diameter (OD) - Pipe wall thickness - Pipe length - Pipe radius It is also important to measure the distance between two points if installing a pipe that needs to be cut to size. Additionally, specific pipe components require specific angles when being installed, so angle measurements may need to be taken as well. ## Is a 20mm nominal diameter the same as a 3/4 inch nominal diameter for plumbing? No, 20mm is not the same as 3/4 inch for plumbing. The metric system and imperial system measurements are not interchangeable. 3/4 inch equals 19.05mm, which is slightly smaller than 20mm. A fitting that is labelled as 20mm will not fit correctly in a pipe that has been measured to be 3/4 inch in diameter. It is essential to be careful when measuring pipe size and use the actual diameter when selecting or installing components so that they fit properly and do not cause any potential problems with your plumbing system. ## Which tools do I need to measure pipe fittings? In order to pursue accurate work when measuring pipe fittings, you will likely need a set of calipers. Calipers are used to take precise measurements and can be found at most hardware stores or online. You may also need a tape measure and some other basic hand tools such as wrenches or screwdrivers depending on the type of material you're working with. If you measure pipe made from PVC, you may also need a special cutting blade unless your calipers have one built in. It's important to make sure your measurements are accurate as even small discrepancies can cause problems when fitting together pieces of pipe. ## How do I cut pipe fittings? Depending on the type of fitting you are using, there are a few different ways [you can cut them](/guides/plumbing-supplies/what-is-a-pipe-cutter). For plastic components such as PVC or CPVC, you can use a handsaw, mitre saw, or even a special pipe-cutting tool. If the fitting is metal, then you will need to use a special cutting blade that is designed specifically for metal pipes and fittings. It's important to make sure your cuts are precise so that your pipes and fittings fit together properly. You also want to make sure all pipe edges are smooth so there's no risk of leaks or other problems when connecting pieces together. ## What are plumbing fittings made of? Plumbing components can be made from a variety of materials, including brass, [copper, plastic (PVC, CPVC)](/guides/plumbers/copper-vs-pvc-pipes), stainless steel and more. Each material used in tubing has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the application. - Brass is durable and corrosion-resistant but may not be suitable for high-temperature applications. - PVC is lightweight, cost-effective, and easy to install but isn't as strong or durable as other tubing materials. ## How long do pipe fittings last? The life expectancy of plumbing fittings depends on a variety of factors, including the type and quality of material used, copper tubing is said to have the longest life expectancy when it comes to tubing. Further, the environment they are installed in is a key factor. In general, most pipes have a long lifespan and can last up to 20 years or more if properly maintained. It's important to check your plumbing system in general, regularly for signs of wear and tear, corrosion, or other problems that could reduce their life expectancy. Taking good care of your tubes can help extend their life and prevent costly repairs or replacements down the line. ## How tight should plumbing components be? Plumbing parts, especially fittings, should always be tightened securely but not too tightly. Over-tightening can cause damage to the fitting or the pipe it is connected to, which can lead to leaks or other problems. You should use a reliable wrench to ensure that fittings are tightened evenly and consistently. It's also important to make sure you have the right size fitting for your pipes, as using an incorrect size can result in improper connections that may not be secure enough. If you're unsure about how tight to make a fitting, consult with a [plumbing professional](/guides/plumbers/what-does-a-mechanical-plumber-do) for advice.

How To Use A Plumbing Snake

A plumbing snake, also known as a drain snake, is a tool used to clear clogs from drains. The rotating motion of the snake causes it to catch on the clog and pull it out of the pipe. This can be done either manually or with a motorised version. Most hardware stores will have several different sizes of snakes available for purchase, so be sure to get the right one for your needs. A motorised plumbing snake works by spinning the snake around at a high speed. This causes it to latch onto the debris. It is a great tool for clearing large clogs from drains. The [New South Wales Department of Fair Trading](https://www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au/trades-and-businesses/construction-and-trade-essentials/plumbers-and-drainers/plumbing-frequently-asked-questions) has a wealth of resources on all manner of plumbing issues. ## How far should a snake go down a drain? A drain snake should be inserted as far as possible into the plumbing, in order to clear any blockages. Depending on the length of the snake, it may be possible to insert it several meters down the drain. If there is any doubt about how far a snake should go down a drain, it is best to call a professional plumber for help. It is important to be aware of what kind of pipe material is in the drain system when using a snake. For example, if the pipes are made from [plastic or PVC](/guides/plumbers/upvc-vs-pvc-pipe), then a snake should not be used as it can cause damage. It may lead to further damage and expense. A professional plumber will be able to determine which type of pipe material is in the drain system and how best to proceed with clearing the blockage. Ultimately, a drain snake should only go down a drain as far as necessary in order to clear a blockage. ## Can using a drain snake cause damage? Yes, using a drain snake can potentially cause damage to pipes. It is important to be aware of the type of pipe material that is present before attempting to use a snake. If the pipes are made from plastic or PVC, then a snake should not be used as it can cause additional damage. A professional plumber will be able to determine which type of pipe material is in the drain system and how best to proceed with clearing any blockages. ## Which way should a drain snake spin? Typically, when clearing a clog from a drain, the snake should spiral clockwise as it travels down the pipe. The clockwise motion helps ensure that the snake coils properly around any obstructions in the drain, making it easier to pull out of the pipe after loosening or removing them. If you are not sure which way to spin the snake, it is best to consult a [professional plumber](/guides/plumbers/what-does-a-mechanical-plumber-do) for advice. They will have experience with different types of snaking equipment and can help guide you through the process safely and effectively. ## Does a drain snake push or pull? Typically, a drain snake is used to push or pull obstructions from the inside of the pipe. The end of the snake has hooks that can be used to latch onto an obstruction in order to pull it out of the pipe. Additionally, some snakes may have blades on the tip which can be used to cut through more stubborn blockages. It is important to note that when using a snake with blades, care must be taken not to damage any pipes or fixtures in the process. It is best to consult a professional plumber for advice if you are unsure about how best to use your specific type of drainage snake. ## What attachments can you put on a drain snake? Common attachments include augers, blades, and hooks which can be used to latch onto an obstruction in order to pull it out of the pipe. Additionally, other types of tools may also be used depending on the severity of the clog and type of drain system. ## What's the difference between a drain snake and an auger? A drain snake and an auger are two different types of tools used to clear blockages from drains. A drain snake typically consists of a long, flexible cable with hooks or blades on the end that can be inserted into the pipe in order to latch onto any obstructions and pull them out. An auger is similar, but instead has a corkscrew-type mechanism at the end which can be used to twist around, break up debris and [unclog drains](/guides/plumbers/how-do-plumbers-unclog-drains). Both tools can be effective for clearing blockages, but it is important to consider the type of pipe material present before using either one. A professional plumber will be able to advise you on how best to proceed with clearing your particular situation. ## Is it worth it to buy a drain snake? Whether or not it is worth it to buy a drain snake depends on the type of blockage you are trying to clear and the frequency you need to use it. If you are dealing with frequent clogs in your drains, then a drain snake may be well worth the investment as it can save time and money in the long run. However, if the clogs are not a frequent issue, then it may be more cost-effective to simply hire a professional plumber each time you need assistance.

Water Pressure vs Flow Rate

The maximum water pressure for a household in Australia is between 45 and 55 psi. Water pressure changes dramatically with the flow rate. For example, if a small garden pond pump is used to provide water pressure for a sprinkler system, the flow rate will be very low at first as it fills the pipe. Once full, the flow rate will dramatically increase and as more and more of the available volume of water flows through the pipe, so does the water pressure (until it reaches its maximum limit). In fact, it is possible to predict which way the water/gas pressure will go by simply knowing the flow rate. If you know that a certain volume of water is flowing through a pipe between two points, then it will have less pressure than when that same volume of water was filling the pipe. This occurs because there are fewer air particles in the line and therefore they take up more space as compared to solids like mercury in a glass thermometer which can remain compressed while occupying a smaller amount of space per unit weight. This effect becomes even clearer at maximum capacity. When viewing a sprinkler system going from its beginning stages to full capacity, notice how much higher the stream sprays up when it has reached full capacity. ## Is water pressure the same as flow rate? Water pressure is not the same as flow rate. Rather, [water pressure](/guides/plumbers/water-flow-vs-pressure) is directly related to the flow rate and this relationship varies with the volume of fluid flowing through a pipe per unit time. If an open-ended pipe has no air in it, then there will be no pressure at the outlet (it will have zero psi). However, when another point downstream is closed off by blocking or covering up its end opening, it can still move water from that end by creating vacuum suction. We always talk about volumes of fluids such as gallons or litres per second rather than how many molecules are flowing through a pipe and there is no need to go into that level of detail to understand water pressure. As a general principle, if the tube diameter decreases during water flow, the force or pressure exerted in the pipe system reduces. Therefore the mass flow of the water is maintained. This condition holds as long as the air density inside the pipe remains constant because there is no change in the force of gravity. ## What is a good flow rate for water pressure? The maximum water pressure for a household in Australia is between 45 and 55 psi (Pounds per Square Inch). If your water pressure is less than 40, you are not meeting Australian Standards flow rates. With a maximum of 55 psi, it means you [should have a flow rate](/guides/plumbers/what-is-water-flow) within the range of 0.08 to 0.12 GPM (2-3 L/m). This means that a hose pipe rated at 10 m/min (36 ft/min) will supply the proper amount of flow rate to generate 45-55 psi. ## How can I increase the water pressure in my shower? If you notice a pressure drop or less water coming out of the taps or shower, a good starting point is to check your plumbing system. Confirm if there is enough water in the water tower or your water supply pipes that feed water into your home system. Check if it could be a case of a failing water pressure regulator which could be restricting water flow. When valves fail or if someone tampers with them, it will affect the pressure and water flow. Therefore volumetric flow will also reduce when the pressure decreases in the supply pipe. Assume the overall home's water pressure is okay, but you still have low water pressure and flow out of the showerhead; You can increase water pressure in your shower in a few ways. - Increase the water flow rate travelling through the pipe between your water meter and shower head by using a larger diameter hose or moving up to a larger water pipe size. - Increase the water pressure coming into your home by upgrading your water meter to one with a higher maximum allowable pressure rating (ie: a higher maximum pressure). - You can install a pressure booster pump at your water meter location. The additional pressure by the pump will increase the flow rate of water as it leaves your meter before it reaches your shower head. - Increase the amount of psi that is available by installing larger inlet/outlet valves or use an automatic pressure regulator that will maintain constant psi and automatically adjust itself up or down when needed.

Australian Plumbing Cost Guide

Some plumbers work at a flat rate while others charge incrementally and apply a call out fee. On average, the cost to fire a plumber to install piping fixtures or repair leaks ranges between $50-$250 per hour, depending on how much work they have to do. Some plumbers work at a flat rate while the call out fee depends, so check the quotes accordingly. Take a look below for an estimated price of a range of plumbing jobs. | Plumbing job | Estimated cost | | -- | -- | | Fixing a tap or toilet leakage | $60 to $140 | true | | New basin or shower head installation | $250 | true | | New toilet installation | $550 | true | | Replacement of hot water service | $1,200 | true | | New solar hot water installation | $12,000 | true | | Complete re-plumbing of the home | $6,000 to $12,000 | true | Please note that the access to site will further decide the final cost of the plumbers. Poor access means more expense and proper access will help save money on the plumbers. Make sure to remove all the items surrounding the site to allow plumbers to gain proper access to it. ## Repairing leaks The first thing that you need to take care of after moving into a new home is repairing all the leaks in pipes within your house by a plumber. If you don't do this immediately, it's going to be hard for you when something worse happens. If you hire a professional, some companies offer hourly rates whereas others charge based on the work they do. ## Replacing fixtures You may want to replace old tubs with newer showers or baths that use more efficient plumbing, have under-sink cabinets installed or even change basins around the bathroom area. You can even use the time to check your waterproofing, especially the [shower area and tiles](/guides/bathroom-renovations/how-to-waterproof-a-shower-without-removing-tiles). ## Gas piping If you have gas pipes in your home, you might need to have a plumber come out and check on them every once in awhile. There are several hazards that can come from the main gas line to your house and if there is any damage or corrosion, it could leak through the line. This cost of professional plumbers to repair this setup after an inspection would be between $50 and $250. Prices depend on how long they work at it and if something needs replacing. ## Additions Plumbers who do renovations will tell you that this will be the most expensive part of their job because they have to break down walls and get rid of all the dirt to make way for new piping or even have a better drain system. The costs range from $50-$1000 depending on what you want added and how much work is involved. ## Emergency repairs The last thing that you should take into consideration if something happens with plumbing systems in your home like a leak underneath the sink or above the toilet is an emergency repair service. Emergency plumbers can make it out to your house within hours, do their own inspection and then tell you exactly how much it's going to cost for them to fix whatever is leaking. ## What jobs can a plumber do? Plumbers can be hired to undertake a number of jobs, including installing and maintaining water heaters, dishwashers, washing machines and other plumbing appliances. They can also install and repair devices that use wastewater, such as the toilet's fill valve. They can install, maintain or repair water heating systems and can help with bad [water pressure or uneven flow](/guides/plumbers/water-pressure-vs-flow-rate). Many are on call at all hours for emergency services such as a pipe bursting. Plumbers typically cover the plumbing projects below. - Installing a hot water system. - Water pipes. - Emergency plumbing. - Water systems. - Drainage systems. - Solar hot water system. - Shower installation. ## How much does it cost to plumb a bathroom? A bathroom requires a lot of plumbing work and much of the cost is spent on labour. There are many water supplies and waste products that need to be installed or maintained, such as a [hot water system](/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-hot-water-system). Installing a new sink costs a flat rate price between $150 and $300. Installing a new lavatory bowl is more expensive: expect to pay around $400. Installing or repairing water heaters costs between $200 and $600, depending on whether you are using gas ($100-$500) or electricity ($250-$800). Replacing the toilet can cost upwards of $1000. Some surveys suggest the average cost of bathroom renovation to between $15,000 and $18,000. Bathroom renovation cost is expected to be $5000 for a small bathroom, which can rise up to $25,000 in case of a large bathroom. Bathroom renovation expenses based on the budget categories are below. - $5,000 to $15,000 for a tight budget renovation. - $15,000 to $25,000 for a standard budget renovation. - $25,000 for a luxurious renovation. Emergency plumbers and master plumbers generally have higher rates (including callout fee), while their hourly rate can depend in the plumbing task.

What is a Backwater Valve?

If you have a backwater device, it may be in the form of a standard plug and is usually located near your main shutoff for the house. A backwater valve is a device installed in the drain line of fixtures that are susceptible to flooding, i.e. toilets, sinks, etc., that prevents water from the sewer or public system from entering the home when there is a blockage upstream. When used in sewer backup systems, the backwater valve is also referred to as the backflow valve or the sewer backup valve. When one or more fixtures are flushed simultaneously, water can flow through each fixture at different rates. This results in unequal pressure in the piping system and may cause siphoning of water out of traps in susceptible fixtures. That circumstance creates the potential for sewage gases to be drawn inside the home—a condition known as "backflow". Siphonage also increases the risk of dirty water backing up into an unflushed toilet bowl or overflowed sink - which not only poses health hazards but creates water damage. The most commonly used backwater valve is the swing check valve. The swing valve uses a hinged flap that maintains a watertight seal until enough wastewater builds up to allow for the opening of the valve. When wastewater levels subside, an internal spring mechanism closes the valve again, making it capable of withstanding positive pressure from below as well as negative pressure above, which makes this type of backwater valve more effective than gravity-operated devices. Most standard residential installations have [one or two valves](/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-check-valve) controlling all drain lines running between fixtures and either main sewer line or septic tank respectively. ## How do you know if you have a backwater valve? If you have a backwater device, it may be in the form of a standard plug and is usually located near your main shutoff for the house. If you remove this plug, water will not come out. Its purpose is to prevent unwanted water from entering your home when there is an issue with the city sewer mainline, during heavy rainfalls, or during maintenance of the municipal sewer system, such as rodding the lines. There may also be a backwater valve in the basement below the floor drain. This is not normally the preferred location but could be necessary for some applications when there is no other alternative. The best way to determine if you have a backwater device at your home or business is to contact a qualified plumber and ask them to check for this item. They'll also assess if you need a backwater valve and will install one if you don't have one installed already. ## What causes a backwater valve to malfunction? Backwater valves can fail due to neglect or faulty design. Older models with springs made of metal corroded over time and lost their tension which caused them to become ineffective and prone to failure. Corrosion can also build up on internal parts of the backflow valve. Additionally, blockages in piping can reduce [wastewater flow volume](/guides/plumbers/how-water-flows-through-a-pipe), which causes the main to flood. ## How does the backwater valve work? A backwater device is installed inside the sewer lateral between your sewer line and your home or building. It stops water from backing up into your foundation, basements, crawlspace, first floor or other areas where it's not wanted. As wastewater flows through the main sewer line toward the treatment plant, it creates pressure called head-pressure. The patented design of a backwater valve opens during periods of heavy flow so that there is no risk of backup but closes during lighter use giving you complete protection against nuisance backups without wasting precious water. ## Common types of backwater valves There are several types of backwater valves on the market. Some of the most common types include: ### Disc type backwater valve This type is installed in solid walls and has a disc that rotates either by its own weight or by water flow pushing against it to seal against a rubber gasket. It moves through a sleeve called an actuator which allows for adjustment of the valve's size and provides pressure relief during periods of low use. ### Swing check valve This type comes as two half circles with flat faces and is directed by gravity using steel balls on top to rotate and open during periods of high use, then swing back over to close off the flow when usage decreases. ### Lift check valve This unit is installed in a pipe and uses a lift to open during periods of high flow. It is lifted by the wastewater flow and falls back due to gravity when it's not needed. ### Bellows check valve This type is also installed in a pipe but works by expanding and contracting like an accordion as water flows through it. It's operated the same way, using a lift on top so that wastewater can move unrestricted at all times. ## How are backwater valves maintained? Backwater valve maintenance is pretty easy. Backwater valves are very simple devices with no moving parts on the inside, so there is nothing really to maintain other than keeping them clear of obstructions such as corrosion or debris build-up. They should be inspected regularly for leaks, proper operation, corrosion, blockage, etc., and cleaned if necessary. A backwater valve can last for decades without needing maintenance, but it's best to schedule annual inspections so that any issues are noticed early. Brisbane City Council has a great [guide to backflow prevention](https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/planning-and-building/do-i-need-approval/residential-projects/plumbing-and-drainage/backflow-prevention-program). Check to see if it applies to your locality. ## How do I clean a backwater valve? If the valve needs cleaning to get it working properly, you should contact a licensed plumber to do proper maintenance for you. They'll know what chemicals to use and the sequence in which to clean them so that they are not damaged or corroded by certain types of cleaners or harsh chemicals. ## How do I get a backwater valve installed? Not all backwater valves will provide the same level of protection if you have a serious problem in the sewer backup system. You can get [help from an expert plumber](/guides/plumbers/how-many-plumbers-in-australia) to have a backwater valve installation device installed correctly on your main sewer line. It's best to schedule installing backwater valves when any major work is done and not try and squeeze it in yourself between projects. Most communities have by-laws requiring the installation of a backwater valve on all properties connected to either a sanitary sewer line, combined sewers system, or city sewer lines. Your home insurance provider may require you to have a backwater valve installed in the sewer system before insuring the property. Installing a backwater valve is a requirement in the prevailing plumbing code. You may also need to confirm with your agent if you are considering taking home insurance. In practice, the backwater valves are installed on the basement floor. The plumber will make a hole on the concrete floor near the floor drains to access the plumbing system. Most installations require the plumber to disconnect downspouts to reach the foundation drains properly. Mostly, they will be located close to the sump pump. If you want to check if the backwater valve is functioning properly or wish to perform regular maintenance, look out for a rectangular panel in a clear compartment. Open the panel to access the round cap for cleaning and check if the valve is working correctly. Ensure you are wearing gloves and protective eyewear when performing regular maintenance of the sewage water plumbing system. ## How much does it cost to install a backwater valve? On average, a backwater valve costs about $1500 to $3000 install and that covers the cost of parts, labour, equipment rental, and transportation costs. The work involves several specialised trades like pipe-layers, pre-approved plumbers, and sometimes electricians. ## What types of problems can a backwater valve fix? A backwater valve can help reduce or even eliminate the below. - Sewage odours and leaks around the foundation. - Backups caused by heavy rain. - Leaks due to tree roots invading sewer lines. - Blockages caused by grease build-up in main drains. - Raw sewage backups into your home, basement or crawlspace. - Overflowing toilets during peak periods. - Clogged drain pipes plugged with soap scum/hair/debris. - Nasty water discharge from laundry drains. - Smells coming up through shower drains. - Broken or damaged drain tiles allowing waste to seep into the surrounding soil. ## What's the difference between a backwater valve and a check valve? A check valve stops flow in one direction, while a backwater device can be opened during times of heavy flow when necessary but closes when not needed to prevent any backup in your home or building. Check valves are generally installed in pipes to stop the [return flow of water](/guides/plumbers/what-is-water-flow) when two sides of a pipe are used for different purposes like laundry vs. kitchen drains. Typically check valves can be made up of rubber or plastics, whereas backwater devices are metal and very durable. Check valves tend to wear out more quickly than backwater units since they're pushed open by the flow but must also close completely even during periods of low use.

What Is An Inspection Opening In Plumbing?

An inspection opening in plumbing is a point of access to inspect, clean, and repair drain pipes and other plumbing fixtures. These openings are usually located at the lowest point of an area where wastewater or sewage needs to be drained, such as underneath sinks, toilets, bathtubs, showers, and floor drains. They may also be found outside buildings in a yard or garden area. The inspection opening is typically a round metallic plate with screws around it, and the pipe leading from this plate can be removed to provide access to the plumbing system. Several types of openings are available, including snap-on, screw-on, and hinged models. The type of inspection opening will depend on the application and local codes. Inspection openings play an essential role in maintaining healthy plumbing systems by allowing for proper cleaning and maintenance of drain lines without tearing apart walls or floors. They also help prevent clogs from occurring due to foreign objects getting stuck in pipes and allow plumbers to diagnose problems quickly and accurately. If you are in New South Wales and needs plumbing work done in your home, you may need to lodge a Notice of Work form. Take a look at the [New South Wales Department of Fair Trading](https://www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au/trades-and-businesses/construction-and-trade-essentials/plumbers-and-drainers/plumbing-inspection-documents) for more information. ## Why is an inspection opening important? A sewer inspection opening is important because it allows for the early detection of problems and the cleaning and repair of drain lines. Plumbers can detect potential issues by having an easy means to access all [kinds of pipes](/guides/plumbers/upvc-vs-pvc-pipe) before they become significant problems. This not only saves money in repair costs but also avoids any water damage that could result from a blocked or broken pipe. It also helps to ensure proper drainage within the system, keeping mould and mildew away and reducing the risk of sewage backup contamination. Regular inspections are essential for maintaining healthy plumbing systems since problems such as clogs and leaks can cause costly damage if left untreated. In addition, many local building codes require inspection openings installed in certain locations to meet certain safety standards. ## Can plumbers do work without an inspection opening? In some cases, plumbers may be able to do work without an inspection opening. For example, if the pipes are visible and accessible from outside of the building, they may be able to clear clogs or make repairs without having to access the inside of a pipe system. However, in most situations, it is necessary to have an inspection opening installed to inspect and maintain drain lines properly. Additionally, many local codes require that an inspection opening be installed before any plumbing work can be done within a building. ## What does IO stand for in drainage? IO in a sewer system stands for inspection opening. An inspection opening is an access point to inspect, clean, and repair drain pipes and other plumbing fixtures. An IO is a drain-like fitting located at the lowest point of the sewerage system where water or sewage is drained, such as underneath sinks, toilets, bathtubs, showers, and floor drains. By having an easy means to access pipes, plumbers can detect potential blocked drain issues before they turn into major problems. This not only saves money in repair costs but also avoids any water damage that could result from a blocked or broken pipe. ## What is a DT in plumbing? DT in plumbing stands for drain trap. It is a bend in the pipe that prevents sewer gases from entering the house. The drain trap also traps debris, such as food particles and grease, to prevent them from entering the main sewage line. A properly installed drain trap will also help to reduce potential blockages caused by these items. Drain traps are typically found under sinks, toilets, bathtubs, showers, and floor drains. Depending on the application and local codes, they can be constructed out of either PVC or metal piping. ## Can you change taps without a plumber? Yes, you can [change taps without a plumber](/guides/plumbers/do-you-need-a-plumber-to-change-taps). The process is relatively straightforward and only requires basic tools such as a wrench, screwdriver, and adjustable spanner. First, you must turn off the water supply to the existing tap before removing it, then disconnect any pipes or hoses connected to it. Next, you will need to install the new tap in its place by following the manufacturer's instructions. Once finished, connect any pipes or hoses back up and ensure that all connections are tight before turning on the water supply again. ## How can I check where my drain is blocked? Inspecting the pipe is the best way to check if a drain is blocked. If you can access your pipes, start with a visual inspection. Look for clogs or buildup within the pipe that could be causing slow drains or backups. If you cannot access the pipe, you may need to use specialised tools such as cameras or augers to detect a blockage. Additionally, if your drain is still backed up after flushing it with hot water and using an enzyme cleaner, this could indicate a more serious problem requiring professional plumbing services. Alternatively, you can call your local plumber, who will be able to conduct an inspection and provide advice on the best course of action to take. An inspection opening is typically located at the lowest point of the sewerage system. The plumbing and drainage act requires a property owner to install an overflow relief gully, an inspection shaft, and a boundary trap. The boundary trap should be located near the property boundary and the council's main sewer connection point. The access points to the inspection shaft and the overflow relief gully are located on the ground at the finished surface level. ## Where is the inspection opening located? Access points to the inspection opening are typically located at the lowest point of the area where the water or sewerage system needs to be drained. These include under sinks, toilets, bathtubs, showers, and floor drains. It's the access point to inspect, clean, and repair drain pipes and other plumbing fixtures. If you cannot locate inspection points in your home or business, then it may be necessary to have one professionally installed. In most cases, this can be done by a licensed plumber with minimal disruption to everyday activities. By having easy access to inspect pipes and drains, you can ensure that any potential problems are dealt with quickly before they become major issues. An inspection opening also helps reduce the risk of water damage from blocked or broken pipes. In addition to an inspection opening, it is important to regularly inspect your pipework fixtures for any signs of wear or damage. This will allow you to catch any potential problems before they become more serious. Regular inspections via access points will help reduce repair costs and prevent water damage from blocked or broken pipes. By maintaining regular inspections and repairs, you can keep your plumbing in good working order and avoid any major issues in the future. ## Can I clean my drains on my own? A working sewer system and [sanitary plumbing lines](/guides/plumbing-supplies/what-is-sanitary-plumbing) are the homeowner's responsibility. There are several techniques you can use to clean your drains, such as using a plunger or an enzyme cleaner. With either method, it is crucial that you follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully to avoid any potential damage to your pipes and fittings. Additionally, if you have a buildup of grease or sludge, then these can be removed by using hot water, vinegar, baking soda, and boiling water. If you are still having issues with slow draining, then it may be necessary to use specialised tools such as cameras or augers in order to remove the blockage.

How Does a Macerator Toilet Work?

A macerating toilet is installed in basically the same way as a standard gravity flush toilet. The macerating toilet uses a pumping mechanism to help remove sewage from homes. Waste is ground up (or 'macerated') before it leaves your home, which greatly reduces the amount of water pressure required for flushing. Macerating toilets are sometimes confused with pump-assisted gravity flow toilets, but the main difference is macerators do not produce any water pressure within the conventional plumbing system. They depend entirely on their own powerful [motors or pumps](/guides/plumbers/how-does-a-macerator-pump-work) and typically use 1/3 less water than conventional flush toilets. A macerator works like a garbage disposal. It shreds waste and other solids like human waste and toilet paper into a fine slurry for removal outside of the home. ## Do macerating toilets work well? Macerating toilets work very well as long as power and water supply is available. When properly installed, they perform as well as conventional gravity flush toilets. ## Are there any drawbacks to macerator toilets? There are very few drawbacks, but the initial cost of the products may be prohibitive for some. There are also slightly more frequent maintenance needs with [macerating systems](/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-macerator) because you have to clean them more often than a typical gravity system. They are run by electricity, which means that it's possible for your pump to stop working in inclement weather (i.e., if there's an electrical storm). Finally, smaller septic tanks can sometimes pose issues with pumping fine slurry or liquids out completely when you're emptying the tank. However, installing a larger tank with a pump system will solve this difficulty. ## How do I install a macerating toilet? Before you decide to install a macerating toilet, you may want to check with your municipality regarding codes and regulations for using these systems within your area. Some areas have special requirements depending upon septic tank size and sewage flow volume. Best to check with a plumber if it will need dedicated [sanitary plumbing](/guides/plumbing-supplies/what-is-sanitary-plumbing). Also, track down the macerator manufacturer's installation manual before you buy anything so you know what you'll need to purchase and how everything will be set up. A macerating toilet is installed in basically the same way as a standard gravity flush toilet, but it does require that your drain line is capped off because the water from the tank doesn't run into the bowl as usual. The wastewater instead pumped from your home through small diameter pipe to a sump pump mounted inside an underground pit or below the ground floor area. This pump sends the liquid waste away from your home via larger diameter plumbing pipes to a local sewage treatment facility or septic system leach field. The below guide will give you an overview of how to install a macerating toilet. ### Attach the discharge pipe Attach a Y-connector to the soil stack before you link the pipe (important for drainage system) to the macerator of the upflush system. Again, if you are not comfortable installing the macerator pump yourself, then taking help of a professional is a good alternative. ### Link the toilet to the water supply A macerator toilet will also need to be connected to a water supply, ensuring it works properly after flushing. After flushing, organic waste will go towards the macerating unit to be disposed of. You can combine an adaptor to the primary toilet line, screw it into place, and join it. You can also connect a toilet to the P-trap with an adapter on the drain line. The adapter can be connected from the sink, kitchen, behind the toilet, another side of the wall, or anywhere alike. ### Attach the pump to the power source Ensure that the macerator pump is connected to a power source so that the macerating process works. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters can be connected to a toilet through a plug. A 15-amp circuit will be sufficient. ## Venting the pump Macerators will need to be vented through your home's vent system. It doesn't matter where the venting occurs as long as it meets current building regulations and the air moves in and out. ## What tools do you need to install upflush toilets? You will need four basic connections: - A top-rated upflush toilet pump system - A source of electricity with a GFI breaker - A small discharge pipe (3/4 to 1") In just half a day, a qualified plumber can install upflush toilets or complete bathroom for a fraction of the cost of traditional full bathroom construction. For further information, you can contact with a plumber experienced in installing new toilet and maceration process. ## Where does the waste from a macerator go? Normally, the wastewater from your toilet or urinal is sent into your septic tank via conventional solid plumbing pipes. A macerator pump chops up the waste and then sends it out of the home through a special micro-sized discharge pipe to your local sewage treatment facility, but some are powerful enough to send it all the way outside of your property's boundary line. ## Do you need a special toilet for a macerator unit? You don't necessarily need a special type of toilet, but it can be helpful if you have a dual-flush system. This lets you choose between two levels of flush power depending upon the amount of waste you're trying to remove from your toilet bowl, which means that you save water and money on every flush. However, keep in mind that a standard gravity flush toilet does not work properly with a macerating pump. You'll need a HET (high-efficiency toilet) or another modern style flushing system for best results. ## Can you use a macerator pump on a normal toilet? Although you can get an adapter kit to use your existing toilet, some people prefer to purchase a specific macerating product. These systems often have more powerful or larger septic tanks built-in, which means better performance for your bathroom over the long term. They also include pumps that can work with ebb and flow systems, which means you won't have to worry about your bathroom or toilet having reduced capabilities even if the power goes out. ## How long do macerators last? It depends upon how your pump is used. Some people have been running their macerating systems for as long as 20 years without significant problems or failures, but it all depends upon proper installation procedures and regular maintenance protocols. In many cases, the switch from a gravity system to a macerator can extend the life of your septic tank or holding tank substantially. The pumps themselves require little in the way of repairs over time and there are very few moving parts other than a small motor. The only thing you need to take care of is regular maintenance protocols. ## Do macerator toilets smell? The only smells that might be detectable in some cases are coming through your water drain in the bathroom, which should only happen if you notice trouble with pumps or valves in your home. If you do have a smelly septic system or another type of plumbing problem, contact professional plumbers in your area to have it fixed properly. ## Does a macerator pump need electricity? While a macerator pump does have a small motor, it might not need electricity to be pumped properly. The motion of the blades turning is enough to provide you with sufficient power to clear your bowl every time you use the standard toilet or urinal in your home. ## How big a tank does a macerator use? The tanks on most modern macerating systems can be a little larger than what you'd find on traditional gravity-feed toilets, but this isn't a significant difference or source of concern. A float switch turns the pump once the wastewater reaches a certain height. ## Is it hard to install a macerating system? Some DIY enthusiasts will be able to install a macerating unit in an afternoon, but you'll need special tools and bits in order to get the job done right. It's also important that you choose the proper pump for your home and purchase all necessary parts and attachments beforehand, which means hiring a licensed plumber is often the best idea in most cases. ## Is a Saniflo system suitable for use with an existing septic tank? The Saniflo pump can be used in many instances when a soil stack or toilet tank is already installed. It is vital to ensure the toilet is not drawing from the existing system. The Saniflo installation instructions will also list situations where a pumping chamber is needed bathroom, shower or sink. In addition, a Saniflo shower macerator can be joined to other machines in the house such as a dishwasher or a washing machine. ## Where does the waste go from a macerating system? Waste is pumped into a city sewer and flushed through drainage pipes in order to be disposed of. Using some products, waste does not go directly into the outlet pipe after flushing. Instead, it enters a unit and is converted to liquid in just a few seconds by a macerator. Looking to install a macerating system in a boat? Take a look at this guide from [Maritime Safety Queensland](https://www.msq.qld.gov.au/Marine-pollution/Sewage.aspx). ## What is a high-efficiency toilet? A high-efficiency toilet (HET) uses less water when compared to older models of toilets, but they still work much like older models when you need them to function. A macerating HET can typically handle solids and liquid waste with ease, which means you don't have to worry about frequent clogs in your sewer or drainage system malfunctions that result in unpleasant odours and expensive bills.

How to install PEX plumbing system

Installing a PEX plumbing system is an efficient, cost-effective way to upgrade your home's plumbing. The flexible tubing makes for easy installation, and the durable material ensures years of reliable service. ### Gather your materials Grab enough PEX tubing, cutting tools, PEX fittings, valves, and other compression fittings as needed. Most PEX supply jobs require customised components and tools such as the crimp rings and the crimp ring tool, the cinch clamps and the cinch clamp tool. A plumbing connection with a tight bend may require installing a drop ear bend support. Have some of these bends supports if needed. ### Plan your PEX system Carefully consider where pipes will run throughout the house and sketch a plan that works best for your needs. Keep in mind how each pipe will connect to the main supply and where fixtures will be located. ### Cut your tubing Use the appropriate tools to cut your PEX tubing into the desired lengths needed for installation. Make straight, even cuts so that the [fittings fit properly](/guides/plumbers/how-to-measure-plumbing-fittings). ### Install fittings Connect each PEX supply tubing with whatever fittings are necessary for your system. Depending on your needs, this could include PEX supply adapter elbows, tees, and shutoff valves. Make sure every connection is made correctly. ### Connect fixtures Attach a separate PEX tube to each fixture connecting its respective pipes using the correct fittings, and make sure these connections are secure. Turn on the water supply valve and check for leaks. By following these steps, you can easily install a PEX plumbing system in your home and reap the benefits of having a reliable, durable form of plumbing. Be sure to take appropriate safety precautions when handling sharp tools or working around water sources. ## What is PEX plumbing? PEX plumbing is a type of flexible piping used for water supply and drainage in homes or commercial buildings. PEX pipes are made from cross-linked polyethylene, which provides greater strength and flexibility than other types of plastic pipe, such as PVC. The PEX plumbing pipe replaces traditional copper pipes for domestic drinking water purposes. PEX can be installed quickly and easily with fewer connections than traditional metal systems, such as copper pipes resulting in reduced installation time and cost savings. PEX tubing is also resistant to freezing temperatures, making it ideal for areas that experience cold weather that affects cold water lines. Freezing is a common problem with copper piping because frozen water inside the cold lines makes copper pipe systems crack. The white PEX pipe is ideal for hot water lines. Thus PEX pipes are used in radiant floor heating installations. PEX pipes also withstand acidic water. ## What is the best way to connect PEX pipe? The best way to connect leak-free PEX fittings is to use crimp or clamp-style fittings. Crimp fitting connections are made using a special crimper tool to press copper rings onto the outside of the pipe and fittings. Clamp-style connections use stainless steel clamps that grip the outside of the pipes and fittings for a secure connection. Whichever type of connection you choose, it's' important to ensure that all joints are properly tightened and that there are no leaks before turning on the water supply main lines. It is also advised to wrap each joint in some form of insulation, such as heat-shrink tubing or electrical tape, to prevent freezing temperatures from damaging your plumbing system. Basic [plumbing tape](/guides/plumbers/how-to-use-plumbers-tape) won't do. PEX plumbing systems are highly reliable when installed correctly and will provide long-lasting performance. With its ease of installation, affordability, and resilience to freezing temperatures, PEX is an excellent choice for anyone looking to upgrade their home or commercial building's plumbing system. ## What's the difference between PEX and PVC plumbing? PEX and PVC are both types of plastic piping used for residential and commercial plumbing systems. The main difference is flexibility. PEX is much more flexible than PVC, making it easier to work with in tight spaces or on curved pipe sections. Additionally, PEX doesn't require glue or primers like PVC, making installation faster and simpler. On the other hand, [PVC piping](/guides/plumbers/upvc-vs-pvc-pipe) is a little more durable than PEX and may be better suited to outdoor applications with a risk of freezing temperatures. Both materials offer reliable performance when installed correctly and can provide years of service when maintained. ## Can I do PEX plumbing myself? Yes, installing a PEX plumbing system yourself with the right tools and knowledge is possible. The basic steps for installation include cutting the tubing to size, attaching fittings, connecting fixtures, and checking for leaks. It'sIt's important that each joint be properly secured with copper rings (for crimp fitting connections) or stainless steel clamps (for clamp-style connections) and securely tightened before moving on to the next step. Connecting fixtures require special fitting adapters, so ensure you have the right type of adapter before starting this step. One challenge with PEX pipes installation is that where you need to install different pipe sizes, you need separate crimping tools and components for each pipe dimension. ## What is PEX used for in plumbing? PEX is primarily used for hot and cold water distribution piping in residential and commercial buildings. It can be used for plumbing under floors, behind walls, or even outdoors. PEX piping is also increasingly being used to replace traditional copper systems in residential plumbing due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of installation. Additionally, PEX can connect plumbing fixtures such as sinks, toilets, showers, dishwashers, washing machines, and more. With the right fittings and connections, PEX tubing has a wide range of applications in any residential or commercial plumbing system. Finally, PEX is commonly used in radiant heating systems because it can transfer heat quickly and efficiently throughout the home while remaining unaffected by freezing temperatures. ## Can PEX be run directly to a water heater? PEX tubing can be run directly to a water heater or any water main supply line as long as it is properly installed and connected. This involves running PEX from the main water supply line to the inlet of your water heater using either crimp or clamp-style fittings. Additionally, ensure you have the right adapter for connecting fixtures such as toilets and showers before beginning installation. PEX pipes also connect to existing pipe work. Suppose you prefer neater finishes achieved by a traditional copper tube, especially where pipes are visible like under a wall-hung sink or kitchen sink. In that case, the PEX pipe can be connected to the fitting using a copper stub out.

Copper vs PVC Pipes

When it comes to plumbing, two of the most commonly used piping material are copper and PVC pipes. However there are other piping materials that can be utilised and they are plastic piping, pex piping, Both have their advantages and disadvantages depending on what you need. Copper piping is ideal for hot and cold water supply lines due to its strength and resistance to corrosion. It is also the preferred material for any exposed lines since it looks more aesthetically pleasing than PVC pipes. Copper, however, is much more expensive than PVC piping which can cause your project to become significantly pricier if you use copper exclusively. Copper runs through the average family home like a network of veins, providing everything from electricity and water to all manner of appliances and outlets. According to [Geoscience Australia](https://www.ga.gov.au/education/classroom-resources/minerals-energy/australian-mineral-facts/copper), the average family home contains around 40 kg of electrical wire and 90 kg of copper. Plastic pipe (PVC pipe) is a cheaper alternative but also has some drawbacks. They are not as durable as copper pipes so they may not be suitable for all applications that require higher pressure ratings. Additionally, they tend to be noisier than copper pipes, so they may not be ideal if you're looking for quiet plumbing. PVC also can't withstand high temperatures and unlike copper piping that can conduct heat so it's not suitable for hot water lines. Ultimately, the choice between using any pipe material such as copper and PVC pipes will depend on your budget and specific needs especially when you are fitting them into very thin walls copper pipes thin walls are the go-to. Copper is a great option if you need strong, reliable pipes but PVC is a more cost-effective alternative in some cases. ## Are copper pipes better than PVC? The answer to this question depends on the specific application and what you need from your pipes. Copper is typically better for hot as it can withstand extremely hot water and cold water supply lines as it’s more resistant to corrosion and has higher pressure ratings. Additionally, copper pipe systems look nicer than PVC so it’s often used in exposed lines where aesthetics are important. However, PVC pipes can be a cost-effective alternative that may meet your needs depending on the application. Ultimately, both materials have their advantages and disadvantages which should be weighed against each other depending on your project. Weighing both options and considering the pros and cons of the plumbing pipes is the best way to decide whether copper or [PVC piping](/guides/plumbers/upvc-vs-pvc-pipe) is best for you. Factors such as budget, strength requirements, temperature and pressure ratings, aesthetics, and noise levels should all be taken into account when making your decision. ## What is the cheapest pipe for plumbing? The cheapest pipe for plumbing is PVC (polyvinyl chloride) piping which is a durable plastic compound. PVC pipes are inexpensive to purchase and install, easy to find, and come in various sizes and shapes to fit different applications. They also resist rusting and corrosion from water exposure better than other materials such as copper or steel. However, PVC pipes have some drawbacks such as lower temperature tolerance so they're not suitable for hot water lines or areas with very cold climates. Additionally, they can be quite noisy compared to other materials like copper, so if you need quiet plumbing, it might be worth looking at other options. ## Which is cheaper PVC or copper? The cost of PVC and copper pipe varies depending on the type, size and length of the material needed. Generally, PVC pipes are cheaper than copper pipes. However, the overall cost depends on a variety of factors. The installation costs associated with each type of piping can also have a significant impact on the total cost of a project. Additionally, PVC is often used for drain lines while copper is more commonly used for water supply lines. This can affect the price difference between these two types of piping as well. ## Is PVC safe for drinking water? PVC is not considered a safe material for drinking water. Additionally, chemicals added during the manufacturing process can leach into the water when stored in [PVC pipes](/guides/plumbers/class-9-vs-class-12-pvc-pipe). Therefore, it is not recommended to use PVC pipes for drinking water applications. Copper plumbing is a much safer choice for potable water supply lines. ## What type of glue do you use on PVC? The type of glue used on PVC will depend on the application and intended use. Generally, a solvent-based cement or primer-activated adhesive should be used when bonding two pieces of PVC together. This type of product is specially formulated to create strong, water-resistant bonds. ## Does PVC last longer than copper? PVC generally has a longer lifespan than copper when used for plumbing applications. It is less prone to corrosion and does not form deposits on the interior walls of pipes, which can reduce water flow over time. Additionally, PVC is more resistant to temperature changes and wear and tear, making it a better choice in many cases. However, copper has its advantages too; it is often the preferred material in colder climates because of its superior heat conductivity. Both types of pipe can last for decades if properly maintained. ## Can you mix PVC and copper? Yes, it is possible to mix PVC and copper when connecting pipes together. This type of connection will typically require special adapters or couplings so that the two materials can be joined. Additionally, the pipe systems should be flushed before use to ensure that all particles from the connection process are removed. ## Does PVC corrode? PVC does not corrode in most typical applications. It is far less prone to corrosion than metal piping such as copper or steel, which can be damaged by water with a high pH level or overly salty water. This makes PVC an ideal choice for plumbing applications where highly corrosive water could damage other types of pipes. However, even PVC can become worn over time due to wear and tear, so it is important to inspect pipes regularly and replace them if necessary. ## What are the advantages and disadvantages of using copper pipes? The main advantage of using copper pipes for plumbing applications is that they are extremely durable. Copper is less prone to corrosion than other materials and can last for decades, even in highly corrosive water conditions which reduces chemical contamination. Additionally, copper has excellent heat conductivity, making it the preferred material in cold climates. The major disadvantage of copper pipe is its cost; it is often more expensive than alternative materials such as PVC, plastic pipes, or PEX pipes. Additionally, installation costs can be higher due to the complexity of working with metal pipes. ## What are some common problems with PVC pipes? PVC pipes can experience a number of issues over time including leaks, cracking, clogs and warping. Leaks are caused by joint separations or cracks that appear over time due to wear and tear. Clogs can form when [debris builds up](/guides/abrasive-saws/how-to-fix-a-blocked-drain) in the pipes, blocking water flow and potentially leading to a burst pipe. Warping is caused by exposure to extreme temperatures or over-tightening of joints, which can cause deformations that alter the shape of the pipe. Regular maintenance and inspections should be carried out by professional plumbers to ensure these issues are caught early on before they become more serious.

How does pool plumbing work?

Swimming pool plumbing connects the pool's main drains, skimmer and pump to the filter system. The water is pushed through the plumbing to the filtration system and back into the swimming pool via jets on the pool wall. Ordinarily, jets point the water towards the deep end. These pool components are connected with PVC plumbing pipes, typically joined together with fittings that allow easy installation. The pump that pushes and draws water has a line that connects to the pool heater. This allows hot water to be pumped back into the swimming pool. For your pool heating system to work properly, all of these connections must be in place and functioning correctly. A check valve is usually attached to the return line that sucks in pool water and sends it back to the pool. This helps balance out the pressure of incoming and outgoing water so that your pump is not overworked or underused. With proper pool maintenance, you can ensure that your pool plumbing system is functioning correctly and safely for years to come. Keeping an eye on all components and ensuring that there are no leaks or clogs in the plumbing lines will help ensure you have a safe and enjoyable swimming experience at home. Regularly checking your pool system can prevent costly repairs caused by wear and tear over time. ## What drains the water from a pool? The drainage system for an inground pool usually connects to the water mains. The main drain pipe works by pulling water from the bottom of your pool, which then flows through the suction line and into a separate container or drainage system. Depending on the size of your pool and the type of pool pump you have, you may need to add additional skimmers to clear out all dirt and floating debris. Skimmers installed on the pool walls work with the main drain to keep your pool clean and free of unwanted contaminants. Once the water reaches this point, it can either be sent back into the pool using recirculation pumps that pull water from the pipes underground, the main drain, and the skimmer components or removed entirely via an external sump pump or dedicated drainage area. ## How many litres of water does the average swimming pool hold? The amount of water a pool holds will depend on the size and depth of the pool, but most residential pools range from 30,000 to 50,000 litres. A typical Olympic-sized swimming pool can hold up to 2 million litres of water. ## What is the purpose of pool plumbing? Pool plumbing ensures water flows efficiently throughout a swimming pool's components. This includes connecting the main drain, skimmer, and pump to the filter system, ensuring that all the water is being filtered properly. It also connects the pool pump to other heating systems to heat up the water in your pool. Without proper pool plumbing connections, your pool may be unable to maintain a healthy environment or the high-quality water circulation necessary for optimal performance. ## Where does a pool drain to? The water from a pool typically drains into the main drainage system when using the wastewater setting on the pool filter. The pool will typically drain into a dedicated drainage area or sump pump if it does not have a wastewater setting. Additionally, some pools are designed to be connected to an external draining system that can take the water away from the property for treatment and/or recycling. ## What type of pipes are used in swimming pools? The most common types of pipe used in pool plumbing are rigid PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes, which offer excellent durability. CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) pipes may also be used, as they can withstand higher temperatures than [regular PVC pipes](/guides/plumbers/upvc-vs-pvc-pipe). Additionally, flexible PVC pipe may sometimes be used to navigate tight bends or difficult angles. Regardless of the type of pipe used, all plumbing must conform to local and national codes to ensure safety and proper installation. Pipe connections are made with PVC glue, although threaded fittings are also available. To prevent leaking at the joints, apply pipe dope or glue on the male threads before connecting the pipes. ## How is a pool skimmer plumbed? A pool skimmer is typically plumbed using a section of rigid PVC pipe that runs from the main drain to the pool's skimmer box. This pipe should be securely fastened at both ends and sealed with silicone caulk or another waterproof sealant. Most swimming pools will have more than one skimmer for effective pool water clarity. Once the pipe(s) are in place, the pool skimmers can/are connected to the return lines of your filter and pump system. This will allow for the proper circulation of water throughout your pool and help keep it clean and free of debris. Larger debris that makes its way past the floating weir is collected in the skimmer basket. Another basket at the skimmer bottom collects finer debris before the water returns to the pump. Additionally, you may need to install additional pipes if you plan to add a heater or features like a fountain or waterfall. ## What size should pool pipes be in mm? The size of pool pipes will depend on the flow rate required for proper water circulation. Generally speaking, standard PVC pool pipes should be at least 50mm in diameter, while flexible pipes used in tight spaces can range from 25mm to 32mm in diameter. When in doubt, it is always best to consult a qualified pool professional or pool company who can advise you on the best size and type of pipe for your particular needs. ## What can go wrong with pool plumbing? A few things can go wrong with pool plumbing if it is not cared for properly. Poorly maintained pipes and connections can lead to leaks, reducing the efficiency of your pool's circulation system and wastewater. Additionally, clogged pipes or inadequate pipe sizes may limit the water flow rate and cause filtration or heating systems issues. Finally, using the wrong materials or failing to adhere to local codes can result in hazardous conditions such as electric shock or equipment damage. Pool plumbing can also get damaged due to poor temperature control or weather conditions. ## How often do I need to run my swimming pool filter? Most experts recommend running your pool filter for at least 8 hours per day during the swim season. However, this may vary depending on the size of your pool and other factors such as the number of bathers, weather conditions, and water chemistry balance. It is always best to consult a qualified professional to determine your situation's optimal run time. Additionally, keeping up with regular maintenance, such as cleaning or replacing filters, can help ensure that your system runs efficiently and effectively.

Water Flow vs Pressure

Flow and pressure are directly related to each other because they are both related to the movement of water. Flow is defined as the amount of water that travels through a pipe in a specific time period (usually seconds). This means that a higher water flow will have more of it travelling through the pipe than a lower flow. In order to measure an increase in flow, you would need to see more water in the pipe over seconds, minutes or hours. Pressure is defined as the force applied to water by gravity within an enclosed vessel (pipe) or system of vessels and pipes. For example, an increase in pressure would mean that the water is being pushed harder by gravity, and thus travels faster. Pressure is usually measured in pascals (1 Pa = 1 N/m2). In everyday tools like gauges, the pressure units are shown in psi. ## How are flow and pressure related? Flow and pressure are directly related to each other because they are both related to the movement of water. Any increase in the amount (flow) will cause an equal increase in water pressure. An increase in water pressure exerts more pressure on the plumbing system. Poor water pressure will affect the flow rate and the ultimate water supply. This is because, as more water is flowing through a pipe, there are more molecules of water colliding with the sides of the pipe causing turbulent flow. This means that there are more collisions between molecules and atoms from which friction occurs during this process. As a result of these many collisions, pressure is generated causing an equal increase in flow rate. [Flow creates](/guides/plumbers/what-is-water-flow) pressure and pressure creates flow. They co-exist and one cannot work without the other. The pipe size used in the plumbing system will determine the amount of water passing through and the water pressure at the tap. The width and length of the pipe are crucial. Over a long distance, there will be a pressure drop. To supply water to a house, additional factors determine how much water reaches the taps. A water pump is another factor. A pump is very good at turning low water pressure into high water pressure. It pushes water into the pipes. The pump capacity in terms of pumping capability affects the volume of water. Another factor is the valve control, which acts as a pressure regulator that helps control water flow. When wide open, more water passes through and vice versa. By adjusting the valves you control the pressure and water flow running through the pipes. Additionally if many taps are open at the same time, a decrease in overall water pressure will be occur. ## Does flow change with pressure? The flow will not change with pressure if the pipe is perfectly straight. When a pipe is horizontal and there is no increase in elevation and friction, the flow will stay the same. This means that water will continuously move at the same speed through the pipe as long as there are no changes or increases to either of these factors. However, interestingly enough, this theory does not apply when you look at vertical pipes because gravity affects water more so than any other force in nature. This means that even tiny changes in elevation result in relatively large increases in the fluid pressure (and thus flow). This happens because the higher up your elevation goes, the greater amount of gravitational force you feel pushing down on you from above which results in an exponentially increasing amount of pressure as you go up. This is the case when pushing water up into a water tower. This is why, if your elevation increases even slightly, it becomes exponentially harder to push water through a vertical pipe because there is [greater pressure](/guides/plumbers/water-pressure-vs-flow-rate) pushing down on the water molecules when they travel upwards. ## How do you calculate water flow from pressure? Because pressure is the force applied on water, you need to express pressure in an equation relative to units of time. - Pressure = Force/Area (N/m2 x s1) - Force = Pressure x Area (N/m2 x m2) - Flow = Pressure ÷ Cross-sectional area (Liters per second, L/s) The first step is to look at the unit of measurement for flow, which is litres per second. This means that your answer will be given in units of litres as well as seconds. The easiest way to find flow is to convert all measurements into Litres. From here we can write our formula: Flow = Pressure ÷ Cross-sectional area (Litres per second, L/s). There are [useful online water conservation guides](https://www.yourhome.gov.au/water) and flow rate calculator tools that customers and your plumber can refer to, to determine the dimensions and pipes to get the best pressure and water flow reaching the taps. Water pressure just like normal pressure is measured in pascals. It describes the force applied on the water by gravity and can be expressed in two separate ways: - Force = Pressure x Area (N/m2 x m2) - Force = Pressure ÷ Cross-sectional area (Pa x m2) To solve for a specific equation you would need to calculate all variables that make up the formula. For example, if we wanted to find flow using pressure measurements of 20 Pa and an area measurement of 1 cm2, we could apply the formula like so: - Flow = 20 Pa ÷ 1 cm2 - Flow = 20 N/m x s1 ÷ 1 m2 - Flow = 2 L/s Once you have the value for flow, convert it back to litres per second by multiplying Flow (in Litres per second) x 1000. This will give you your answer in units of Litres: 2 L/s = 2000 L/min.

Toilet Bowl Leaking

If the leak seems to have started suddenly, it could be that the gasket has come loose and is leaking. The most common reason for a leaky toilet is the flexible rubber ring that separates the valve and tank has deteriorated over time and sprung a leak, exposing the valve. This can happen quickly or gradually as the ring fails over time. To repair this kind of leak, turn off the water at the shutoff valve under your sink. Remove the tank lid and lift out the old, worn rubber gasket. Clean all remnants of the old ring from the flange and valve seat. If necessary use a utility knife to scrape out deposits so they won't interfere with the seating of the new ring. If you can't find the exact match, take an old ring to the hardware store with you and get a close match or just purchase a generic replacement. You don't need any special tools or connectors for the rubber ring but if your valve flange is corroded in place, you may need to remove the old valve with a screwdriver before installing a new one. The process of fixing plumbing problems by yourself will demand time and patience. Plumbing problems should be [fixed by a professional](https://www.localsearch.com.au/find/plumbers/canberra-act). ## Why is my toilet leaking from underneath? If the leak seems to have started suddenly, it could be that the gasket has come loose and is leaking. It may also be that the flange (the metal or plastic part on which the toilet bowl sits) is cracked or corroded, allowing water beneath your toilet. Another possibility is that the wax ring, the soft washer that closes off the bottom of your toilet and provides sealing for the drainpipe, has failed. When the toilet is flushed, the water rises above the level of the ring and leaks around the base of the pipe. If you suspect a leak at or near your toilet's flange, or your [water flow is extremely low](/guides/plumbers/water-pressure-vs-flow-rate), turn off the supply and remove the toilet tank lid (either from under your sink or behind your toilet) to expose the valve assembly. If you see signs that liquid has seeped beneath your toilet, replace any worn washers or deteriorated flanges before reassembling things -- and call in a plumber if you're not sure what to do. Another toilet leaking issue can be due to tee bolts (t bolts), issue at the base of your toilet (base of the toilet do have unnoticeable toilet leaks), problem in the water supply line or water supply tube, the issue with the bolts (tee bolts and others), and more. Common problems can be with the water valve, drain flange, caps, drain the opening, tank, and more. ## How do you fix a toilet that is leaking at the base? You'll need proper tools first. Keep a garbage bag, paper towels and terry cloth (microfibre towels) handy. Have putty knife, tee bolts, and other common toilet parts ready. Disconnect the water supply. Empty the toilet tank. Remember this'll be a plumbing repairs fixture job. If your water bills are high, perhaps more than having [regular long showers](/guides/bathroom-renovations/how-much-water-does-a-shower-use), the problem can be with the tee bolts causing leaking toilet. Depending upon where the leak is coming from, there are various ways to fix a toilet and stop the leak. If you have running water in your bowl and it runs constantly, or if your toilet overflows after each flush, you will need to replace those parts of your toilet. If the leak is coming from beneath the toilet tank or near your toilet base, and water is leaking out on both sides of the base you probably have a ring issue. This can result when people try to "fix" their leaky toilets by themselves because they do not know how to replace a wax ring correctly. Wax rings may go bad over time and they can become damaged rather easily as well. To ensure toilet leak at the base of your toilet is fixed, reconnect the water supply line and flush the toilet. When you flush the toilet, if there's no sign of water on the floor, then the base of the toilet is resolved. If not, then you'll need a plumber for sure. Next, check the tee bolts that fasten the toilet to the floor. If the bolts are causing problems, you'll notice water on the floor. The floor must be dry even after flushing. If not, then first dry the floor with the towel. Once the floor is dry and the bolts have been replaced, we need to check if the bolts are working fine. Ensure bolts are not damaged. Also ensure that bolts are not rusty. ## What is a wax ring on my toilet? The wax ring is a type of sealant ring that sits at the bottom of the toilet and provides a sealing for the drain pipe. They work by trapping a small amount of water in the space between it and the toilet. The trapped water creates enough pressure to keep the seal intact and prevent leaks from occurring. If your toilet is leaking around the base, you likely need to replace or "re-bed" your wax ring correctly. Replacing a wax ring is something that anyone can do at home, but there are some things you should know about this repair project first. The wax ring can go bad over time, but it can also become damaged rather easily as well. It is common for plumbers to see leaky wax rings on toilets in older homes. ## How to replace the seal on the toilet outlet pipe The sealing consists of two parts: one inside the drainpipe (where it meets up with your toilet) and one outside the drainpipe (where it meets up with the sewer). The outside piece is the one that is most likely to leak. The toilet sealing leaks because, over time, minerals in the liquid will build up on the inside of this piece giving it a "whitish" colour. This build-up eventually can crack and/or completely envelop this part called the packing nut or rim gasket. This is the part that is now leaking and needs to be replaced. You may need to re-waterproof the base, similar to [waterproofing a shower](/guides/bathroom-renovations/how-to-waterproof-a-shower-without-removing-tiles). The first thing you will need to do when you go to replace this toilet sealing is shut off your supply so no more liquid can flow into the drainpipe while you are working on it. There is a rubber gasket that sits between the packing nut and the outside of your toilet bowl. This rubber gasket (also known as an "O-ring" seal), may no longer provide a waterproof seal and if this rubber gasket is worn, you need to replace both the packing nut and the rubber gasket at the same time.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does a roof plumber do?

You’ll need a roof plumber for installing downpipes, guttering and rainwater tanks, connecting sewerage systems and for any roof planning.

Can I do my own plumbing work?

If it’s anything more than a basic tap tightening, involves hot water or sewer systems, or you’re in doubt, call a professional plumber.

What’s the easiest way to unblock a drain?

Calling a plumber is your best bet, unless you want to risk damaging your pipes or a reoccurring issue.

Who needs backflow testing?

Anyone who has backflow prevention devices, an irrigation system, large boiler or fire suppression system needs backflow testing at least once a year.

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