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Drain traps, bottle traps and drum traps are usually either bendable tubing or hardened plastic, although some plumbing codes will permit other materials to be used as well.\r\rIn the drain-waste-vent system, a plumbing trap or trap operation is installed on every fixture that cannot be directly connected to a waste materials stack. \r\rA plumbing trap primer is an angled fitting that provides self-cleaning at joints of a horizontal vent pipe, usually around 45 degrees from vertical. This combined with an intercepting trap and lets you easily remove objects from a multitude of traps such as a drum trap, grease trap, floor trap, bottle trap, gully trap without having to remove them from further down inside the drain pipes downstream or perform more extensive excavation near fixtures that might otherwise be necessary.\r\rTraps are mandatory in some countries due to sanitation reasons; there they are known as full \"S\" traps.\r\rA running trap primer is an angled fitting that provides cleanouts at joints of horizontal drainage piping, usually around 45 degrees from vertical. This lets you easily remove objects from traps without having to remove them from further down inside the pipe or perform more extensive excavation near fixtures that might otherwise be necessary.\r\rAll traps work in a very simple and basic way: they hold water, and since water is not compressible, it acts as a barrier between the sewer gas and your home or building's interior air. Make sure you are regularly checking and fixing water closets. A certain amount of venting via small openings is acceptable with most plumbing codes; however, your location will help determine how much venting actually occurs.\r\rThe most common types of traps are \"P'' traps and \"S\" traps. ","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How does a P trap work? ","text":"The most familiar of the two traps is the P trap. It's the curved piece of drain tubing found under bathroom and kitchen sinks, as well as under lavatories in smaller bathrooms. It is shaped like the letter \"P\" and is often made of metal, plastic or glass. \r\rThe traps don't actually trap anything themselves, they're simply a U-shaped pipe that bends in a way that discourages odours from escaping into the room. As water drains out of a sink or lavatory, it flows down through the drain opening and past an S-shaped section of P traps tubing before flowing onto the main drainage system in the building \r\rP traps help in allowing waste materials from a plumbing fixture to flow freely on its way toward the sewer while retaining enough water at all times to maintain a water seal. In other words, there must be some free space filled with air above whatever you put in your drain so it doesn't get siphoned out. A P trap provides a safety mechanism to protect buildings from sewer gas, which are produced by decaying organic matter and can be quite noxious.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How does an S trap work?","text":"The other is S trap, which looks like a lowercase letter \"S\" lying on its side. It's found under a bathroom sink or kitchen sink and is usually called a sink trap. The S trap of the sink drain doesn't actually stop sewer gas odor from entering the room; instead, it prevents vermin and sewer gas from flowing up into your home. \r\rThis is because sink drains and shower drains to the sewer at a lower level than water in the trap, and the curve of the pipe holds some wastewater inside. ","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Where is the trap located?","text":"Typically, a trap is installed near the plumbing fixture it serves. If you have a sink on one side of your bathroom and a toilet on the other, you'll have a P trap for each. In some cases, there might be multiple plumbing traps connecting several different plumbing fixtures to the same floor drain pipe on the ground floor. \r\rFor example, you might have a p trap for both your sink and shower or multiple S traps or a single large diameter S trap to serve the waste outlet and collect debris from several sinks and toilets. Same goes for the laundry sinks attached to your washing machine and possibly dishwasher. ","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What materials are traps made of?","text":"Most types of plumbing traps can be made from either plastic or metal. Plastic is often used in homes where the water supply is particularly corrosive (as in areas with very hard water) since it's unlikely to damage the PVC over time. \r\rIf your fixture was manufactured before the 1980s your trap will probably be made of metal; otherwise, you might have a plastic model. However, fixtures and traps aren't limited to these materials alone - they can be made from glass or ceramic as well.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Why do I need a trap?","text":"Although traps are less necessary in modern buildings because their drain lines don't allow for much leakage, they still serve an important purpose: protecting the structure and its inhabitants by blocking sewer gases like methane and hydrogen sulfide that seep up through your pipes. There are a number of guidelines in Queensland.\r\rIf these foul gases reached living areas, then you'd suffer from the unpleasant odour of sewer gasses not to mention the potentially serious health risk associated with prolonged exposure to such foul gases.\r\rWithout traps, every time you run water down a sink or flush a toilet, those harmful fumes would escape into your home.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What is a Y trap?","text":"A Y-shaped trap is used in situations where a sink and lavatory share the same drain. The Y shape allows each fixture to have its own P trap while still connecting them to the same plumbing system. In some cases, there may also be an S shaped trap section of pipe between the two traps, which caters for overflow from both devices. ","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What is a 2-piece or double trap?","text":"Some sinks and lavatories require more than one type of trap: one for water and another for the waste pipe. These are known as combination traps or double traps and they're usually made of multiple components rather than just a single piece of tubing like standard types. For example, a sink might have an external house trap made of metal or plastic with rubber fittings to prevent leaks. \r\rThere will also be an internal trap formed from ceramic discs that are held in place with special clips called 'doughnuts'. When wastewater or building sewer goes down your drain body, it enters the bottom of this building trap before heading through the vertical pipe leading to the sewer system. \r\rThe curve catches some water so there is always at least a small amount in here, preventing odours of foul gasses and foul air from rising up into your bathroom or kitchen.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What is a plumbing doughnut?","text":"The doughnut-shaped gasket that fits into the upper part of a combination/double trap is known as a 'plumbing doughnut' or simply 'doughnut'. This interceptor manhole is designed to prevent sewer gases from making their way back up the pipe towards your home. \r\rAs always, make sure you use appropriate plumbing tools and parts for your fixture (e.g., plastic for plastic) and it will be difficult to go wrong whether it a trap outlet, q trap, low-level bath trap, bell trap or straight through trap. 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Flange?","urlSlug":"/guides/plumbers/what-is-a-puddle-flange","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/plumbers/happy-plumber-with-clipboard.jpg","wordCount":1171}}],"categories":null},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"8772965\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"9234466\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"4999434\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"4801140\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"9266015\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"9226864\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"7283715\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"7747626\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"9014816\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"9202051\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"6020735\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"6530868\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"5193832\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"searchSuggestSuburbs({\"params\":{\"keyword\":\"nelson-bay\",\"state\":\"nsw\"}})":{"data":[{"id":11638,"suburbName":"Nelson Bay","postcode":"2315","state":"NSW","publication":"Port Stephens","region":"Hunter","market":"Port Stephens","latitude":"-32.720636","longitude":"152.144905","canonical":"Nelson-Bay,NSW","urlSlug":"nelson-bay-nsw"}]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"6893188\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"localsearchCMSArticle({\"articleTitle\":\"how-much-does-a-concrete-driveway-cost\",\"categoryName\":\"concreters\",\"size\":1})":{"__typename":"ArticleConnection","results":[{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleTitle":"How Much Does a Concrete Driveway Cost?","articleBlurb":"A poured in place concrete driveway is a higher-end style of installation because the concrete mix is shaped in place.","articleId":"7C22F348-99F4-C24C-94EE-1E6A8497A59E","primaryCategoryId":"109","isQuotableCategory":true,"primaryCategoryName":"Concreters","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/concreting/overhead-neighbourhood-street.jpg","urlSlug":"/guides/concreters/how-much-does-a-concrete-driveway-cost","sectionArray":[{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":"The price of a concrete driveway can vary depending on the size, design and type. Typically an entry-level driveway costs between $70 and $90 per square metre. For a more decorative driveway, you can expect to pay between $80 and $150 per square metre.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Unsealed concrete driveway cost","text":"An entry level unsealed concrete driveway costs around $70 to $90 per square metre.\r\rAn unsealed driveway is made from a plain concrete slab, normally around 150mm thick and can be as wide as required. The plain concrete is not coloured concrete or textured and will need to be sealed with oil or paint after installation to prevent it from being damaged by environmental factors such as sun, rain and traffic. Unsealed driveways are the most cost-effective but do require ongoing maintenance which does contribute to their overall lifetime cost, final cost and other cost data.\r\rAsphalt drives have been a popular choice for many years because they have relatively low installation costs. They often require more frequent maintenance because the asphalt surface or any flat surface needs to be resealed every 3 to 4 years.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Sealed concrete driveway cost","text":"A sealed concrete driveway costs around $80 to $120 per square metre.\r\rA sealed driveway is a concrete slab with a coloured concrete and driveway texture surface. Concrete is available in more than one colour. This gives it a much higher quality look and provides better durability and protection against the elements than an unsealed plain concrete driveway. The plain concrete driveway is normally between 200mm to 300mm thick, depending on your preference, and can be as wide as required. \r\rSealing does add to the overall cost of concrete and cost of the installation because it requires specialised preparation techniques such as diamond grinding before sealing can take place.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Poured in place concrete driveway cost","text":"A poured in place concrete driveway costs around $100 to $170 per square metres.\r\rPoured in place concrete driveway is a higher-end style of installation because the concrete mix is shaped in place using lightweight screeds and moulds. The result is a much smoother finish especially decorative finishes and other decorative elements that look very similar to an asphalt drive but at a lower cost depending on cost of concrete.\r\rPoured in place concrete driveways are not generally suitable for steep concrete driveways or ones with curves because it would be too hard to pour concrete in these areas. This method does require specially prepared ground so the concrete driveway can support the weight of heavy vehicles including cars, trucks and commercial vans.\r\rUnlike many other types of construction work, there are no standard concrete driveway costs, exposed aggregate driveway costs or an average cost that apply to every concrete driveway project. There are just too many variables involved which ultimately affect the final price you pay for your new driveway! These factors include size, design, location and the overall quality of the installation and the type such as a stamped concrete driveway, asphalt driveway and sloped driveway.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Is it cheaper to pave or concrete a driveway?","text":"If you are looking for a slightly lower-end drive, you could consider the installation of asphalt. Asphalt is a cheaper flat surface to install, but it requires more frequent maintenance. However, if you want a high-end drive that is going to last for years and withstand all weather conditions, stencilled concrete may be a better option. If you have a dilapidated driveway, you might be able to pave over it.\r\rThe best concrete driveway options include using a contractor. Contractors will charge you for the job including materials and labour, but they will be able to provide you with an accurate estimate of what your project should cost depending on the concrete cost. If you plan on doing it yourself, there are two factors that you need to consider when choosing between asphalt and concrete: the price of materials and labour involved in the concrete driveway installation. Brisbane City Council has a great guide to the technical standards of driveways. Make sure you check with your local authority however.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What is paving?","text":"Paving is the process of installing a hard, durable surface that is resistant to weathering and other natural damage. Paving surfaces are used to create paths, walkways, concrete driveways, parking lots and roads. A typical paving project starts with the excavation of all vegetation (if needed) and any existing surfacing driveway materials (such as gravel). The site will then be graded for drainage before laying down any sub-base, base or pavement layers on top of compacted or exposed aggregate or sand. After this has been done successfully you can begin application of the asphalt, standard premixed concrete or concrete surface material.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How to remove oil stains from concrete","text":"Being a car owner means you have to deal with oil stains as well as other spills on your concrete driveway. However, this doesn't mean that your concrete driveway is doomed to look bad for years as it is pretty easy to clean. There are some tips and tricks that can help you get rid of the stains as a DIY project and remove dirt from your existing driveway over time. Overall, it requires less maintenance and helps save money that you expect to pay for concrete services, small cracks and other factors. \r\rThe best way to remove an oil stain from your old driveway or old concrete is by using hot water and dish soap. Mix the solution in a bucket and soak the stained area with it. This should eliminate most of the stain from the entire driveway.\r\rYou can also use soda or bleach, but be careful since they might damage the concrete if left there for too long.\r\rMake sure that whatever substance you choose, test them in an inconspicuous place first to see how they react to the concrete and if they cause any damage.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What should I use to seal my driveway?","text":"What you need to do is protect your concrete driveway from environmental factors such as water, dirt, oil stains etc. There are a number of products on the market that can help you with this issue, but here are some things that you have to consider before purchasing one:","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Bullets","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":null,"bulletData":[{"bullet":"Price. Make sure that the product fits within your budget before buying."},{"bullet":"Compatibility with the existing surface material."},{"bullet":"Depending on what has been applied to your existing driveways, you may not be able to use certain products. Check the label on the product for this information."},{"bullet":"UV Resistance. If there is currently any sealer applied to your driveway, make sure that whatever you are buying can withstand sunlight. This will prevent fading or flaking of your surface material."},{"bullet":"Quantity. Find out how much of the product you need before buying it. If it's too little, you might have to purchase extra which could end up being more expensive than just getting a bigger package in the first place."},{"bullet":"Application method. There are three methods that can be used when applying an asphalt or concrete protectant namely sprayers, rollers and brushes."}],"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null}]}}],"categories":null},"localsearchCMSArticles({\"categoryName\":\"concreters\",\"size\":5})":{"__typename":"ArticleConnection","results":[{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleId":"7C22F348-99F4-C24C-94EE-1E6A8497A59E","articleTitle":"How Much Does a Concrete Driveway Cost?","urlSlug":"/guides/concreters/how-much-does-a-concrete-driveway-cost","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/concreting/overhead-neighbourhood-street.jpg","wordCount":1211}},{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleId":"A1CC8370-21E8-0545-A100-59B14DA83FA5","articleTitle":"Concrete Slab Cost for a 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Many Demerit Points for Speeding in New South Wales?","articleBlurb":"Demerit points accumulate on a driving record, with each point valid for three years.","articleId":"98129A27-0CCF-074C-BCBA-D9131F6CAE66","primaryCategoryId":"530","isQuotableCategory":false,"primaryCategoryName":"Solicitors & Lawyers","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/lawyers/police-hi-vis.jpg","urlSlug":"/guides/solicitors-lawyers/how-many-demerit-points-for-speeding-in-new-south-wales","sectionArray":[{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":"Exceeding the speed limit within 10 km/h will add one demerit point for licences other than a learner or provisional licence and will add four points in case of a learner or provisional licence.\r\rDifferent types of penalties for speeding in New South Wales are below.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Table","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":null,"bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":[{"column1":"Offence","column2":"Demerit points"},{"column1":"Speeding within 10 km/h","column2":"1 demerit point"},{"column1":"Speeding between 10 km/to 20 km/h","column2":"3 points"},{"column1":"Exceed speed between 20 km/h to 30 km/h","column2":"4 points"},{"column1":"Surpassing the speed limit between 30 km/h to 45 km/h","column2":"5 points"},{"column1":"Speeding over 45 km/h","column2":"6 points"}],"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":"2"},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Table","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Speeding penalties in New South Wales school zones","text":null,"bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":[{"column1":"Offence","column2":"Demerit points"},{"column1":"Speeding not more than 10 km/h","column2":"2 demerit points"},{"column1":"If the speeding range is within 10 km/h to 20 km/h","column2":"4 demerit points"},{"column1":"Exceed speed limit between 20 km/h to 30 km/h","column2":"5 demerit points"},{"column1":"Speeding between 30 km/h to 45 km/h","column2":"6 demerit points"},{"column1":"Exceed speed by more than 45 km/h","column2":"7 demerit points"}],"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":"2"},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":"There is a double demerit system in New South Wales and under the scheme, speeding entails extra demerit points to the actual points for a given offence. Double demerit points are applicable on public holidays such as Queens Birthday, Labour Day, New Year's Eve, Australia Day, Anzac Day, Christmas, Easter, and Boxing Day.\r\r","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How many demerit points do I have in NSW?","text":"Each driver starts without any points. Any demerit points received by the driver are valid for three years. The validity begins from the offence date. All the New South Wales' drivers are allowed to accumulate up to 13 points.\r\rA driver will receive the penalty notice in email notification for any driving or speeding offence. When you hit the upper points limit, a suspension notice is sent to the driver specifying licence suspension duration.\r\rBased on the type of licence, the upper limit of applicable points will differ. The list below outlines how many demerit points for speeding in NSW.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Table","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":null,"bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":[{"column1":"Licence","column2":"Demerit points"},{"column1":"Learner ","column2":"4 demerit points"},{"column1":"Provisional P1 licence (red P-plate)","column2":"4 demerit points"},{"column1":"Provisional P2 licence (green P-plate)","column2":"7 demerit points"},{"column1":"Unrestricted licence","column2":"13 demerit points"}],"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":"2"},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":"The minimum suspension period is three months for demerit points between 13- 15, 4 months for points between 16- 19, and 5 months suspension period for points 20 and above.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How many points do you lose for speeding 10kmh and under in NSW?","text":"Exceeding the speed limit within 10 km/h invites one demerit point. This value differs based on the type of vehicle.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h3","heading":"Class A, B, and C motor vehicles","text":"Exceeding the speed limit within 10 km/h will add one demerit point for licences other than a learner or provisional licence and will add four points in case of a learner or provisional licence.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h3","heading":"Heavy Vehicles (with speed limit 100 km/h)","text":"For speeding by 10 km/h or below it (any license excluding provisional and learning licence) will take over one demerit point and 4 points for learner or provisional licence.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Bullets","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Points penalty","text":null,"bulletData":[{"bullet":"A full driver's licence holder will invite one demerit point for speeding in NSW, while 2 points are added in case of speeding offence in school zones."},{"bullet":"Expect to add four demerit points in NSW on a learner's driving licence, P1, and P2 driving licences."}],"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How many points do you lose for speeding in a school zone in NSW?","text":"Speeding in a NSW school zone receives the following demerit points.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Table","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":null,"bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":[{"column1":"Offence","column2":"Demerit point"},{"column1":"Speeding under 10 km/h (excluding a provisional and learner)","column2":"2 demerit points"},{"column1":"Speeding under 10 km/h (only for provisional and learner)","column2":"5 demerit points"},{"column1":"Speeding within 10 km/h to 20 km/h (excluding a provisional and learner)","column2":"4 demerit points"},{"column1":"Speeding between 10 km/h to 20 km/h (only for provisional and learner)","column2":"5 demerit points"},{"column1":"Exceeding the speed limit between 20 km/h to 30 km/h","column2":"5 demerit points"},{"column1":"Speeding between 30 km/h to 45 km/h","column2":"6 demerit points"},{"column1":"If exceed speed over 45 km/h","column2":"7 demerit points"},{"column1":"","column2":""}],"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":"2"},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What are the double demerit periods in New South Wales? ","text":"Double points are applied for speeding, failure to wear a helmet (if driving a motorcycle), seatbelt, and using mobile phones while driving. These are applicable during holidays like long weekends, Easter, New Year, Christmas, and official public holidays in New South Wales. \r\rDouble demerit periods start from starting date’s midnight to the ending date's midnight. Any other traffic offences will introduce one extra demerit point. Double demerit points are outlined below.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Bullets","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":null,"bulletData":[{"bullet":"Over Australia Day the double demerit period is active from 22 January to 26 January."},{"bullet":"During Easter, the double demerit period applies from 1 April to 5 April."},{"bullet":"Queen's Birthday double demerit system is applicable from 11 June to 14 June."},{"bullet":"Labour Day holiday from 1 October to 4 October."},{"bullet":"Christmas, New Year and Boxing Day are in a double demerit period between 24 December to 3 January of the following 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Set vs Cornice ","articleBlurb":"The main use for these two types of cornices is decorating your walls and ceilings. ","articleId":"77C3DB8A-C127-9843-BE42-C59FF93427EA","primaryCategoryId":"40","isQuotableCategory":false,"primaryCategoryName":"Builders","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/builders/sunny-interior-being-built.jpg","urlSlug":"/guides/builders/square-set-vs-cornice","sectionArray":[{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":"The huge difference between these two types of cornices is their shapes. Square set cornice comes in a square shape, while the cove cornice has a more curved look to it with triangular, semi-circular or segmental pediments.\r\rThe other difference between the square set and cornice is the material used in making these two types of cornices. The square set cornice is made from solid stock such as plywood, MDF and particle boards, while the cornice uses wood veneer such as MDF and plywood and solid surface materials like Corian. \r\rIn addition to that, the square set cornice is attached directly into the frame of the door while a cove cornice is most often fixed on top of a set square.\r\rThe square set gives a good modern finish to where the ceiling and wall meet and can be finished by a metal internal angle. Also, it is often more expensive and labour intensive than most cornice options. Square sets also require more sanding and setting. Cut the metal internal angle to the desired length, then staple before applying sand and the final coat. \r\rThe main use for these two types of cornices is decorating your walls and ceilings. Unlike simple skirting, cornices can be installed to provide a finishing touch to a modern new house or building. The edge banding or plywood overlap is most often used in commercial projects where appearance matters more than anything else, and does not bear much load. In modern residences, especially doors that lead out to decks and porches, it’s common practice to use solid stock for a square set cornices to suit your modern square edge look since you can paint them any colour you want depending on your design theme or décor. It also works great when the door has an overhang because it will match perfectly with the door's shape.\r\r","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What does a square set mean? ","text":"A square set is a name given to the corner of a door or window that extends out further than the rest of the opening. It is usually about 1/2 inch long at its shortest and 1 1/4 inches long for it to be noticed. A square set is the only other alternative finish to a cornice. The square setting is meant to create an appealing look by adding detail to your door or window’s design while also helping with the flow of your interior décor when it’s time to paint walls within your home.\r\rFor doors leading outside, the square set is ideal because you can use any type of finish without worrying about matching, which makes patching up nicks and scratches easy-peasy anytime they happen. Ensure your plasterer instals skirting boards to prevent the plaster from cracking where the sill meets the plasterboard. With windows, especially picture windows, a square setting ensures that your window is covered from those pesky drafts that come in through the cracks! For more detail, add curtains that graze the edge of the skirting.\r\rA cornice creates amazing features for your building, giving it a minimalist look and adding some style and edge to your house. However, In addition to adding depth, a square set ensures a proper seal where your wall and ceiling joins meet giving protection from outside elements. A board at the top of the room covers the point where the plasterboard on the walls meets the plasterboard on the ceiling. The point of a square set is to create style and minimise air leaks, and it’s a great feature for homeowners with heating and cooling issues as it helps with keeping your energy bills down during those winter months. It also helps keep insects off the inside of your home by allowing you to close up all the way, which means no bug gets into your house without an invite. Regarding design, they can be installed then painted or stained for style, just like any other piece of furniture to match your interior décor.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What is the shadow gap?","text":"A shadow gap is a small space between window or door panels of a house with a square set. This term was originally used to describe the space between two pieces of MDF boards cut at 90 degrees with another piece of material placed on top. Shadow gaps can be used instead of skirting boards and allow movement between the floor and wall.\r\rWith today’s technology, most doors and windows are manufactured using multiple layers that help reduce sound through the insulation with a secondary layer for privacy and an outer layer that can be painted any colour you like.\r\rThe best way to diagnose the shadow line that remains is by looking at the profiles from inside, which should be a tight fit between the door and jamb to avoid rough edges. If there isn’t much of a shadow line left, then it’s safe to assume that your project does not require this feature and instead, you can use them for style and decorative purposes. Your builder would be able to help if you get stuck.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How do veneer cornices work?","text":"This works just like regular trim work, except it has more freedom to move since traditional crown mouldings usually need some support such as nailing or glueing for them to stay put during installation. This type of material can accommodate any wall so if you want to create a beautiful focal point with added depth for your house, use MDF board along with this cornice to create the look.\r\r","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What is a traditional cornice? ","text":"The term cornice can be used interchangeably with crown moulding. It usually features inside angles of 45 degrees, and the top angle will sometimes vary depending on what type of moulding it is. This type of moulding often sits above chair rail trim, cabinets or even window frames of a room due to their design. If you have an older home, then chances are that your upper walls feature this type of moulding along with smaller versions at the bottom of your wall as well. 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Keep in mind that this has nothing to do with labour fees since they are charged by the hour, which can fluctuate depending on individual contractors but expect to pay a professional between $35 and $40 per hour.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What other types of cornices can I get? ","text":"You can get your hands on metal, plastic or even fabric cornices. A fabric cornice is good to blend into the existing decor while offering a rustic appearance. Metal is very versatile since it can work with any type of décor and an incredible amount of colours which means it’s perfect if you don’t mind paying for something that doesn’t exactly match your current scheme. 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This type of adhesive is very useful since it will prevent any moisture from reaching your walls and countertops, which means you won’t have to worry about drywall problems ever again.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Can I install my cornice? ","text":"Yes, installing your cornice will help you save a lot of money since it doesn’t require complex machinery or electrical work. You can usually complete the installation in less than an hour if you follow instructions and have the right tools for sanding and general construction on hand. Remember that MDF and other items tend to be pretty heavy, so grab some help from a friend if needed.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What tools do I need to install a cornice? ","text":"You can use most tools found in most households, so you don’t have to worry about investing in anything expensive or complicated. Just grab plaster and plasterboard tools used to fix walls and ceilings such as a utility knife, tape measure, pencil and clamps with some adhesive to apply on the top edge of the cornice. Make sure you know how much space is between the ceiling and top of the window before getting started since this will help with planning your project. If renovating an old property, be careful around materials such as asbestos. 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They were helpful and willing to make small changes without additional \"or hidden\" costs and at no time did we feel like they would be charging us for \"extras\". Their cost of piering was significantly cheaper than another builder in the area ( who would have charged us over $100 more per LM, and also would charge us additional cost for inadequate steel and concrete in the initial quote). \nThe pool if fantastic and loving every swim. \nWe highly recommend 3D Splash to build your pool.\nThanks George, Curtis and Team"}},"ReviewAsset:cksoim55m000908l6f6tm2kv3":{"id":"cksoim55m000908l6f6tm2kv3","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"cksoim53a000308l6a0lf3bmr","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/cksoi612c000408ldgj4i9gpo/cksoi612c000508ldcipxbwsw","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":1,"displayName":"Kerri Jeffery","message":"Still being abused by Kenny Urquhart from Exceed Fencing 11 months after they destroyed two feet of our garden as well as ripping out live stumps that were least 16 years old and 8 years old respectively that were cut back to regrow in spring as well as entering our property to do all this without notification or permission while acting on behalf of our neighbours to build a boundary fence. Still asking why after all these months but still being abused by Kenny. A LOCAL family business in Gladstone Qld would not treat people like this so please hire TRUE locals for all your work. ..... Stephen and Kerri Jeffery, Benaraby Qld."}},"ReviewAsset:cksoim55l000708l6ehj1433i":{"id":"cksoim55l000708l6ehj1433i","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"cksoim53a000308l6a0lf3bmr","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/cksoi5zsn000208ld3m837328/cksoi5zsn000308ld8jxm6igf","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":1,"displayName":"Kerri Jeffery","message":"Still being abused by Kenny Urquhart from Exceed Fencing 11 months after they destroyed two feet of our garden as well as ripping out live stumps that were least 16 years old and 8 years old respectively that were cut back to regrow in spring as well as entering our property to do all this without notification or permission while acting on behalf of our neighbours to build a boundary fence. Still asking why after all these months but still being abused by Kenny. A LOCAL family business in Gladstone Qld would not treat people like this so please hire TRUE locals for all your work. ..... Stephen and Kerri Jeffery, Benaraby Qld."}},"ReviewAsset:cksoim55i000508l65txjgolp":{"id":"cksoim55i000508l65txjgolp","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"cksoim53a000308l6a0lf3bmr","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/cksoi5xrj000008ld8kipbfma/cksoi5xrk000108ld7upgdkbb","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":1,"displayName":"Kerri Jeffery","message":"Still being abused by Kenny Urquhart from Exceed Fencing 11 months after they destroyed two feet of our garden as well as ripping out live stumps that were least 16 years old and 8 years old respectively that were cut back to regrow in spring as well as entering our property to do all this without notification or permission while acting on behalf of our neighbours to build a boundary fence. Still asking why after all these months but still being abused by Kenny. A LOCAL family business in Gladstone Qld would not treat people like this so please hire TRUE locals for all your work. ..... Stephen and Kerri Jeffery, Benaraby Qld."}},"ReviewAsset:ckq4ysskk000808js6y6c2xx3":{"id":"ckq4ysskk000808js6y6c2xx3","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"ckq4yssiy000608js93922osv","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/ckq4ys95q000008mmddom1s4c/ckq4ys95q000108mmhzo79tk6","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":1,"displayName":"Sean Todd","message":"Was a regular with former owners. Now had 2 pizzas since new owners first was burnt and very little ham or pineapple on pizza so didn't go back tried once again last week . Will never go again burnt again but worse was not cooked on bottom so when put in box base stuck to cardboard and stuck to it even with carefully using spatula could not get 1 full slice that didn't break or have cardboard stuck wasted $30 last of my money I will ever spend there. Good luck cause if this your best you be closing down within a year"}},"ReviewAsset:ckvgi0lty000709md4w86eyq5":{"id":"ckvgi0lty000709md4w86eyq5","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"ckvgi0ltc000609mdbbmtd3qp","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/ckvghzqe2000208mpekc32cpo/ckvghzqe2000308mperl1calg","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":5,"displayName":"Rainer Horn","message":"Thankyou, you took time out of your busy schedule to find the problem with our Landrover Discovery on our trip. Can't say how Happy we are that you fixed our car and enabled us to have a long desired week off. Your service and diagnosis was spot on! We had no idea who to call., and your service was A1!\nRainer & Jenni Horn 1/11/2021."}},"ReviewAsset:cktr92hxn000408mpfl3t6z1m":{"id":"cktr92hxn000408mpfl3t6z1m","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"cktr92hw0000308mpdaut048j","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/cktr8tknu000008l37jqt4vj2/cktr8tknu000108l35pfv4tyt","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":5,"displayName":"TJ Doherty","message":"I love the work Shane and his team did inside my shed. Price was reasonable and the professionalism was efficient and high quality. All Star plastering will be my first choice with any future jobs needed doing in Hervey Bay."}},"ReviewAsset:ckr6tg02f000708kybmal0hh8":{"id":"ckr6tg02f000708kybmal0hh8","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"ckr6tfzzv000308kyepq9e9cn","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/ckr6tf2te000208l34jddhunv/ckr6tf2te000308l31lt36ceb","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":5,"displayName":"DC","message":"The ultimate café experience where everything is thought through for the customer. Friendly, caring service. A varied range of cabinet and à la carte food. Food is tasty, in fact, sensational, and probably the most reasonably priced in all of Australia (exaggeration, maybe!), well-presented, hot and made with the freshest ingredients. An impressive range of high quality teas. We had the chicken enchilada, which had the genuine Mexican chilli taste throughout ($8); and the bao bun with crispy chicken, fresh salad veges and Asian sauce for $6. Each dish being a perfect amount for one person. This cafe is more than a local eatery, it is a destination! Did I say how friendly and helpful the staff were?"}},"ReviewAsset:ckr6tg02b000508kyht0a6i6l":{"id":"ckr6tg02b000508kyht0a6i6l","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"ckr6tfzzv000308kyepq9e9cn","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/ckr6teui3000008l3b2il4x81/ckr6teui4000108l31xcueehh","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":5,"displayName":"DC","message":"The ultimate café experience where everything is thought through for the customer. Friendly, caring service. A varied range of cabinet and à la carte food. Food is tasty, in fact, sensational, and probably the most reasonably priced in all of Australia (exaggeration, maybe!), well-presented, hot and made with the freshest ingredients. An impressive range of high quality teas. We had the chicken enchilada, which had the genuine Mexican chilli taste throughout ($8); and the bao bun with crispy chicken, fresh salad veges and Asian sauce for $6. Each dish being a perfect amount for one person. This cafe is more than a local eatery, it is a destination! Did I say how friendly and helpful the staff were?"}},"ReviewAsset:ckqhb0ogt000908ktednwaec8":{"id":"ckqhb0ogt000908ktednwaec8","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"ckqhb0ofa000708kt3ztb5j2f","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/ckqhazye3000n08me1l0l3kp9/ckqhazye3000o08mehe8q9jie","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":5,"displayName":"Coast Life Success","message":"Absolutely sensational coffee, hot chocolate and food. Really friendly front counter staff too. Convenient location just 1 block flat walk from Landsborough Train Station. So good, we want to go back again and again even though we are based 35mins away!"}},"ReviewAsset:ckj4wankm000507mj1cg50zrg":{"id":"ckj4wankm000507mj1cg50zrg","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"ckj4wanj9000307mj3klaaki5","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/ckj4w90er000007if6oj8chfl/ckj4w90f4000107ifashx121o","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":1,"displayName":"Terri H","message":"All my shellac nail polish came off & I only got them done Tuesday the week of Christmas"}},"ReviewAsset:ckmpm8rxs000507kve5ex02in":{"id":"ckmpm8rxs000507kve5ex02in","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"ckmpm8rw1000307kv9mw9hurc","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/ckmpm6tss001207l9dayt342t/ckmpm6tss001307l90h5oczy2","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":5,"displayName":"Gina Mitchell","message":"Lindsay has just completed a fence at the front of my mother's property. We are delighted with the result. It is extremely sturdy and looks amazing. Lindsay was extremely professional to deal with and he completed the job in good time. His price was very competitive (but I would have paid more)! I highly recommed Lindsay if you want a fence bulit."}},"ReviewAsset:ckfha7pec000507mo2qkr07zl":{"id":"ckfha7pec000507mo2qkr07zl","__typename":"ReviewAsset","reviewId":"ckfha7pd7000307mo0n8s13i3","url":"https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ls-asset-service/ckfha6sii000408lc7xlt3g0q/ckfha6sii000508lcblqaf7x2","review":{"__typename":"Review","rating":4,"displayName":"Bill","message":"Very happy with the result of my search."}}}

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