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","articleBlurb":"A DPF enables diesel vehicles to minimise their harmful exhaust emissions. ","articleId":"D8BC21BC-3EE5-B749-81D6-EED61CB6A6CF","primaryCategoryId":"365","isQuotableCategory":true,"primaryCategoryName":"Mechanics","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/mechanics/new-small-car-engine.jpg","urlSlug":"/guides/mechanics/what-is-a-diesel-particulate-filter","sectionArray":[{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":"A Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is an after-treatment device attached to the exhaust system of diesel engines that reduces harmful exhaust emissions, primarily NOx, particulate matter (PM), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). It works by removing tiny particles from the engine's exhaust gases. This mitigates the negative impact of diesel cars on the environment.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How does a DPF work?","text":"The main component of a DPF is a sintered metal substrate containing high levels of vanadium and iron alloys. As soot passes through this substrate, molecular compounds are deposited at high temperatures in order to reduce soot volume and weight without being consumed by the process.\r\rAs soot builds up on the filter material, it begins to restrict flow. The build-up of the soot leads to combustion inefficiency. For the DPF system to regain efficiency, it has to pass a regeneration process. There are three regeneration process options; active regeneration, passive regeneration, or forced regeneration. Active regeneration and passive regeneration occur during normal engine operation.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h3","heading":"Passive regeneration","text":"During passive regeneration, high exhaust temperature is required to combust the excess soot deposited in the DPF filter into carbon dioxide. Extra fuel is injected into the exhaust stream upstream of the filter to vaporize and clean the particulate from the substrate. This will smoothen the flow enabling the DPF to continue to function. \r\rAlternatively, when a diesel vehicle runs at a high sustained speed and load, the temperature of the exhaust gas stream rises. The increased exhaust temperature incinerates the excess soot which exits the car's DPF as carbon dioxide. This process is referred to as passive regeneration or \"self-cleaning.\"\r\r","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h3","heading":"Active regeneration","text":"Blocked diesel particulate filters can also be cleaned using the active regeneration process. \r\rIn this process, sensors in the car's powertrain control module track the exhaust temperature and pressure differences at both ends of the DPF unit. Suppose the pressure limits are below the threshold. In that case, the system increases fuel injection before it enters the diesel oxidation catalyst (partial filters) and the DPF and uses a heater to raise the temperature to burn the harmful soot before it exits the exhaust. \r\rThe active regeneration process produces ash as a by product.\r\rIn addition to the engine oil and extra fuel, filters require a third fluid known as a dosing fluid. The function of a dosing fluid is two-fold: 1) it carries heat away from the substrate during regeneration 2) it transports ash materials away from downstream components for disposal after regeneration has been completed. The type of dosing fluid used will vary by application, but the most common examples would be solvents, water-glycol, cooling fluid, or oil.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h3","heading":"Forced regeneration","text":"If both active and passive regeneration fails to unclog the DPF, the check engine and DPF warning light will come on. If the DPF warning light pops out, the vehicle should be driven slowly or not be operated at all until a DPF replacement is completed. Ignoring the DPF light risks damaging the DPF completely. After the warning lights pop out in some diesel fuel cars, the car shifts to a limp mode, cutting power to prevent further engine damage.\r\rForced regeneration is carried out at specialized service centres by qualified mechanics. Specialized tools are used to force the diesel particulate filters to regenerate. The process can succeed or fail. If the regeneration cycle is not successful, your only option is buying a replacement DPF.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How do you clear a diesel particulate filter? ","text":"A DPF has a design limit on the amount of soot that can accumulate prior to regeneration being required. When this value is reached, the filter enters a \"degradation\" phase where exhaust temperatures are increased to release excess soot from the substrate and produce a full regeneration event without injecting fuel into the exhaust stream.\r\rThe temperature inside the DPF is increased by running the engine under no load (i.e., not towing or hauling) at high idle until the regeneration event has been completed, typically after between 3 and 15 minutes of operation. Once complete, normal engine operations can resume.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What problems does a diesel particulate filter cause? ","text":"A DPF can potentially be overwhelmed by excessive fuel usage during regeneration. This problem, known as \"fuel pre-mature shutdown,\" occurs when excess fuel enters the exhaust stream before it has burned completely in the combustion chamber and becomes trapped inside the filter. When this occurs, the filter temperature is raised to such a high level that the substrate begins to degrade and eventually fails, resulting in an emergency regeneration event.\r\rIn addition to fuel-based problems, oil can also be drawn into the combustion chamber after being ingested by the engine's oil pump. When this occurs, the regenerative process will not complete due in part to incomplete combustion occurring in the engine cylinders and also in part because of reduced heat transfer rates and increased temperatures inside the DPF when compared with normal operating conditions. This type of problem is referred to as \"oil pre-mature shutdown.\" It typically results from higher than expected pressures within either or both of the lubricating oil systems (the crankcase or common rail).","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How long should a diesel particulate filter last?","text":"A DPF is a consumable item and can be expected to last between 80,000 and 120,000 kilometres, depending on the make and model.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What should you expect from a diesel particulate filter? ","text":"Each engine manufacturer has an established mileage limit at which a regeneration event must occur for the proper operation of its particulate filter. This value is typically between 5,000 km and 30,000 km for heavy-duty engines but could be as low as 1,500 or as high as 120,000 for light-duty applications. \r\rExceeding this interval without initiating a regeneration event may lead to degraded performance. In extreme cases where total soot volume exceeds the design capacity of the filter substrate, clogging of the substrate may occur, leading to a complete loss of engine power and/or reduced fuel efficiency.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What happens when a diesel particulate filter fails? ","text":"A completely clogged or \"full-off\" DPF will require replacement in order to restore proper engine operation. In some cases where the only partial blockage is present, an emergency regeneration event can be initiated by forcing additional fuel into the exhaust stream, which causes the filter temperature to rise above allowable limits allowing the release of accumulated soot from the filter substrate.\r\rThis type of problem can often be more damaging to the vehicle's emissions system than a complete failure as all types of vehicle emissions components are exposed to higher concentrations of harmful pollutants under these conditions.\r\rWhile it is possible that a complete failure of a DPF does not result in the release of these harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, most automotive manufacturers do not recommend driving vehicles with a failed DPF as there is no guarantee that engine performance will be sufficient to prevent damage from excessive soot loading.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"Where is the diesel particulate filter located?","text":"A diesel particulate filter is mounted to the engine's exhaust system. It is typically located between the turbocharger and the engine's catalytic converter. The location of this filter has an impact on its performance as it must remain submerged in the hot gases coming out of the engine. If for whatever reason, these gases are unable to make their way through the DPF (often due to blockage), they will instead be forced back into the combustion chamber, where they can interfere with normal combustion processes. This problem is known as \"backfire.\"","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How much does a diesel particulate filter cost? ","text":"A brand new DPF typically costs between $1,000 and $3,000 plus installation labour costs depending on the make and model of the engine. In some cases, it may be possible to repair a clogged DPF by removing the compromised substrate and installing a replacement cartridge. This approach can reduce labour costs but will not restore performance or prevent another regeneration event from occurring again in the near future.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What is a diesel particulate filter cleaning? ","text":"A diesel particulate filter cleaning service is an option that allows you to clean out your own vehicle's DPF prior to replacing it with a new one which can potentially save hundreds or even thousands of dollars in unexpected replacement costs. In most cases, this service will be offered at local automotive aftermarket parts retailers for between $200 and $400, depending on the make and model of the vehicle.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How do I clear a blocked dpf?","text":"Typically, these types of services are performed by removing the clogged substrate from the filter cartridge assembly without damaging it so that it can be re-installed into the engine later. This process typically involves using compressed air to force cleaning solution through the filter media while simultaneously vacuuming out any loosened soot from the filter housing. The filter is then re-assembled and reinstalled into the vehicle, where it is left to run for an extended period of time in order to allow any cleaning residue to be burned off.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What are the symptoms of a blocked diesel particulate filter? ","text":"Many car drivers who experience DPF problems typically notice that their vehicle will begin emitting black smoke out of its exhaust pipe. This occurs as a result of unburned fuel accumulating within the engine's cylinders which causes them to misfire, leading to incomplete combustion processes resulting in elevated quantities of unburnt hydrocarbons making their way through the engine's catalytic converter, where they are eventually released into the environment as harmful pollutants.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How to avoid diesel particulate filter problems?","text":"In order to avoid experiencing DPF problems as well as any resulting repair or replacement costs, it is important to keep your vehicle's filters clean and free from soot buildup. In most cases, a combination of regular maintenance visits and avoiding using low-quality fuel will be sufficient in reducing contaminants within the engine's crankcase to a point where they do not accumulate within the filter. \r\rDesist from driving the car frequently on low fuel. Maintain the fuel tank filled up at least to quarter tank. The vehicle systems may attempt to bypass the DPF to save fuel when the fuel tank is low on gas. Please do not ignore the orange light when it shows up on your dashboard. Avoid performance modifications known to damage or strain diesel vehicles. In some cases, removing the DPF for performance enhancement may invalidate your car insurance policy. Finally, refer to your car manufacturer owner manual on best DPF maintenance practices.\r\rFor those drivers who often use their vehicles under severe driving conditions such as high-speed highway driving for long periods of time, there are also aftermarket additives designed especially for diesel applications which can reduce harmful deposits from adhering to internal components throughout the combustion cycle. ","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How does a DPF sensor work?","text":"Typically, DPF sensors are sturdy devices that can be fitted into almost any diesel engine to monitor the buildup of harmful pollutants within a vehicle's exhaust system. In most cases, these components will be fitted with a small metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) chip specifically designed for detecting various chemical changes causing a change in its electrical properties. \r\rThese chips contain very thin layers of conductive material separated by non-conducting oxides, which allows them to both produce and sense an electrical potential when exposed to certain substances such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, or sulphur compounds, among others. For more information about vehicle emissions, take a look at the Australian Government's Green Vehicle Guide.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How do you clean a diesel particulate filter?","text":"While diesel particulate filters are designed to reduce emissions produced by modern diesel engines, their ability to function properly can be severely impeded if they become clogged with soot particles over time. In order to keep your vehicle running properly, it is important to have this type of component regularly cleaned at local auto parts retailers or dealerships. This will typically involve using pressurised air to force cleaning solution through the filter media while simultaneously vacuuming out any loosened soot from the filter housing. The filter is then re-assembled and reinstalled into the vehicle, where it is left to run for an extended period of time in order to allow any cleaning residue to be burned off.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"What are the benefits of diesel particulate filters?","text":"Diesel engines emit significantly more pollutants into our environment than their gasoline-powered equivalents, which is why many governments impose strict regulations on vehicles equipped with these types of powertrains. Equipping modern-day diesel-powered vehicles with DPF systems makes it possible to reduce harmful exhaust soot emissions by up to 90% without compromising engine performance. This makes them an attractive proposition for drivers who do not wish to compromise on either affordability or fuel efficiency.","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null}]}}],"categories":null},"localsearchCMSArticles({\"categoryName\":\"mechanics\",\"size\":5})":{"__typename":"ArticleConnection","results":[{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleId":"251C7AF1-D6F0-CF4F-8A97-3405C38B92C5","articleTitle":"Pink Slip Cost in New South Wales ","urlSlug":"/guides/mechanics/pink-slip-cost-in-new-south-wales","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/mechanics/mechanic-and-customer-under-hood.jpg","wordCount":856}},{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleId":"E99FC9B4-9517-464C-9766-67A44DC9B16C","articleTitle":"How Often to Change Fuel Filter?","urlSlug":"/guides/mechanics/how-often-to-change-fuel-filter","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/images/mechanics/close-hand-woman-check-oil-level.jpg","wordCount":603}},{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleId":"9FF554F4-0746-5345-8AA0-C0B646B1234E","articleTitle":"What Car Battery Do I Need?","urlSlug":"/guides/mechanics/what-car-battery-do-i-need","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/mechanics/car-battery-on-shelf.jpg","wordCount":881}},{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleId":"11E5C326-87EA-9D44-AF52-C1559DD78FF5","articleTitle":"Lost Your Car Keys?","urlSlug":"/guides/mechanics/lost-your-car-keys","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/mechanics/lost-car-keys.jpg","wordCount":1246}},{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleId":"8D00CFBD-2DA4-004B-8E23-70711E72A437","articleTitle":"LPG Tank Testing Cost in Australia","urlSlug":"/guides/mechanics/lpg-tank-testing-cost-in-australia","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/mechanics/smiling-mechanic-working-under-hood.jpg","wordCount":974}}],"categories":null},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"6751364\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"6356665\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"6607024\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"ReviewAssetEdge","node":{"__ref":"ReviewAsset:ckknlo09x000707l3g0wq4nya"}},{"__typename":"ReviewAssetEdge","node":{"__ref":"ReviewAsset:ckknlo09t000507l34jz8bqkd"}}]},"reviewAssets({\"first\":50,\"listingId\":\"6002795\",\"reviewState\":\"approved\"})":{"__typename":"ReviewAssetConnection","edges":[]},"localsearchCMSArticle({\"articleTitle\":\"how-much-does-it-cost-to-paint-a-house-interior-professionally\",\"categoryName\":\"painters\",\"size\":1})":{"__typename":"ArticleConnection","results":[{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleTitle":"How Much Does it Cost to Paint a House Interior Professionally?","articleBlurb":"If you want the whole interior of our house painted, the average price per room will be lower.","articleId":"4DCAB039-1A63-2341-AF16-69DFA647B2BC","primaryCategoryId":"403","isQuotableCategory":true,"primaryCategoryName":"Painters","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/images/painters/young-worker-painting-wall-room.jpg","urlSlug":"/guides/painters/how-much-does-it-cost-to-paint-a-house-interior-professionally","sectionArray":[{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":"Most of the time, professional painters in Australia charge by square metre and you can also expect to pay hourly fees. The average hourly salary of a professional painter is around $40/hr. For the more complicated project, you might expect to pay $45/hr and even more.\r\rCosts involved in of interior painting project depends on various aspects:","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Bullets","headingTag":"h2","heading":"","text":null,"bulletData":[{"bullet":"Total surface area."},{"bullet":"Height of the ceiling."},{"bullet":"Quality and type of materials."},{"bullet":"Quantity of colours needed for the project."},{"bullet":"Number of rooms."},{"bullet":"Preparation work."}],"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How much do painters charge per day?","text":"The daily rate of a painter can vary from city to city in Australia but the general average is $35-45 per hour. In Sydney, professionals may even charge up to $100.\r\rIf you decide to hire a painter that charges per hour, you must make sure that the painter is efficient and fast. Otherwise, hiring a painter to paint inside that gets paid per square metre is more cost-efficient. Painters usually have an 8-hour workday -therefore, the daily salary of a painter can be between $280 and $360. This work includes the application of an undercoat and two finishing coats. \r\rPrep work is a big part of the painting project. If the surfaces of walls need a lot of preparation, the project timeframe can increase drastically. ","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How much does it cost to paint a 3 bedroom house interior?","text":"Typically, painting a bedroom can cost between $300 and $750, depending on the size and condition of its surface areas. \r\rFor a three-bedroom house, the total charge for bedrooms will be from $900 to $2,250. You will be expected to pay approximately $150-$350 for the bathroom. The same range applies to the laundry room. \r\rLiving room or hall painting typically costs between $1,000 and $2,000. The typical charge for a kitchen can go as high as $1,000.\r\r You will be expected to pay around $3,200-$5,950 for a three-bedroom house in Australia with 2 bathrooms and a laundry room. This amount includes the necessary materials as well as paints. This type of painting job covers the charge of a single undercoat and two finishing coats. ","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null},{"__typename":"SectionData","type":"Text","headingTag":"h2","heading":"How much do painters charge per square metre?","text":"You will be expected to pay around $30 per square metre for interior painting in Australia depending on the kind of job the painter does. If you only want the single coat to be painted, then you might be charged as low as $5 per square metre.\r\rIf customers want a full painting job, then the price gets higher. The full painting project includes the prime, basecoat, and 2 finishing coats. The quality of the materials also affects the price per square metre. 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In these cases, you risk the quality of the painting job, but it may be worth it for a temporary fix.\r","bulletData":null,"numberedListData":null,"columnData":null,"imageCaption_1":null,"imageCaption_2":null,"imageURL_1":null,"imageURL_2":null,"numberOfImages":null,"numberOfColumns":null}]}}],"categories":null},"localsearchCMSArticles({\"categoryName\":\"painters\",\"size\":5})":{"__typename":"ArticleConnection","results":[{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleId":"84C15FB7-9634-A44E-9108-A1DC1002DF56","articleTitle":"What Paint to Use Under Eaves?","urlSlug":"/guides/painters/what-paint-to-use-under-eaves","featureImageUrl":"https://www.localsearch.com.au/resources/articles/painters/tidy-small-suburban-home.jpg","wordCount":1232}},{"__typename":"ArticleEdge","article":{"__typename":"Article","articleId":"2D5D691B-E158-F44F-9DD0-7A0D942D6B82","articleTitle":"Cost to Paint 2 Bedroom 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